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Growth Performance and Survival in the Crayfish (Astacus astacus) Fed Fish Faeces, Combined Plant Root/Fish Faeces and a Commercial Pelleted Fish Feed

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Abstract

Three feeds; fish faeces recovered from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), fish faeces combined with watercress roots (Nasturtium officinale), and a commercial pelleted feed formulated for pike-perch, were fed to European Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) (average initial body weight ± SD was10.7 g ± 3.5; average initial body length ± SD was 3.1 cm ± 0.4) for 84 days at excess daily rations. Crayfish fed with the pelleted fish feed exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean final body weight ± SD (FBW, 13.84 g ± 1.24) compared to animals fed fish faeces (11.14 g ± 0.47) and those fed the combination of fish faeces/watercress roots (12.91 g ± 1.99). Mean final body length (FBL) and survival were also significantly higher in animals fed pelleted fish feed than all other treatments (P < 0.05). Faecal macronutrient contents (28.5% crude protein and 2% lipid) are within required dietary range of A. astacus, indicating poor growth performance was not related to quantitative faecal macronutrient composition. The lysine and methionine content of faecal waste was 13.1 g kg−1 and 3.8 g kg−1 respectively. The methionine content of the faecal waste was therefore considerably below (60% below requirement) the requirement for crayfish. Amino acids known to stimulate feed intake in crayfish were about 50% lower in concentration in faeces compared to concentrations in pelleted fish feed. The concentration of taurine was below detection limit in faeces. It is hypothesized that unsuitable amino acid composition and/or limited ability to handle faeces explain low growth and survival rates in A. astacus fed fish faeces and the combination of fish faeces/watercress roots.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mrs. Märkle (University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven) for her support in the laboratory as well as staff from the ‘Centre for Aquaculture Research’ (ZAF) for conducting water quality analyses and helping with daily feeding and system management activities. We would also like to thank Dr. Wosniok and Mr. Rink from the University of Bremen, Germany (Institute of statistics) for their advice on statistics.

Funding

This work was supported by ‘The Central Innovation Programme for SMEs’ (ZIM) from the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy, BMWi (grand number Germany, ZF4010501SK5).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Stephan S. W. Ende, Vanessa Fuchs, Marcel Machnik, Matthew James Slater & Joachim Henjes

  2. Naturland, Verband Für Ökologischen Landbau E.V., Kleinhaderner Weg 1, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany

    Annabel Schuhn

  3. A. Moksel GmbH / VION Food Group, Augsburg, Germany

    Christiane von der Marwitz

  4. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Andrea Wirtz

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  1. Stephan S. W. Ende
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SSWE Study design, manuscript preparation, VF manuscript preparation, MM animal feeding, AS animal feeding, ChrvdM animal feeding, AW animal feeding, MJS manuscript preparation, JH manuscript preparation.

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Correspondence to Stephan S. W. Ende.

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Ende, S.S.W., Fuchs, V., Machnik, M. et al. Growth Performance and Survival in the Crayfish (Astacus astacus) Fed Fish Faeces, Combined Plant Root/Fish Faeces and a Commercial Pelleted Fish Feed. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 6759–6766 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01459-1

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