Abstract
Photonic nanojets (PNJs) have been used successfully in super-resolution imaging and optical intensity enhancement benefitting from their sub-wavelength beam waists and high intensity. Herein, we introduce a method to further enhance the intensity of PNJs through adding a mirror. About 4 times enhancement factor can be achieved by appropriately selecting the gap length between the cylinder, which generates the PNJ under a TE polarized plane wave illumination, and the mirror. The intensity distributions of the PNJs can be modulated by changing the gap length. Our simulation shows that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the beam waist of the enhanced PNJ can reach less than λ/2nb (nb, the refractive index of the surrounding medium) with the illumination at 638 nm, when the refractive index of the cylinder is carefully chosen. Finally, we demonstrate that the added mirror can also work in TM and circular polarized illuminations. Our results are of interest for various applications in nanoparticle manipulation and optical nonlinear enhancement.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12648-022-02428-7/MediaObjects/12648_2022_2428_Fig7_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A Heifetz, S C Kong, A V Sahakian, A Taflove and V Backman J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 6 1979 (2009).
B S Luk’yanchuk, R Paniagua-Domínguez, I V Minin, O V Minin and Z Wang Opt. Mater. Express 7 1820 (2017).
A Darafsheh and D Bollinger Opt. Commun. 402 270 (2017).
J Zhu and L L Goddard Nano Adv. 1 4615 (2019).
A Darafsheh J. Phys. Photonics 3 022001 (2021).
Z Wang, W Guo, L Li, B S Luk’yanchuk, A Khan, Z Liu, Z Chen and M Hong Nat. Commun. 2 1 (2011).
A Darafsheh, G F Walsh, L D Negro and V N Astratov Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 141128 (2012).
A Darafsheh, C Guardiola, A Palovcak, J C Finlay and A Cárabe Opt. Lett. 40 5 (2015).
L Chen, Y Zhou, Y Li and M Hong Appl. Phys. Rev. 6 21304 (2019).
A Darafsheh J. Appl. Phys. 131 031102 (2022).
H Yang, M Cornaglia and M A M Gijs Nano Lett. 15 1730 (2015).
Y Li, H Xin, H Lei, L Liu, Y Zhang and B Li Light-Sci. Appl. 5 e1617616176 (2016).
Y Li, H Xin, X Liu, Y Zhang, H Lei and B Li ACS Nano 10 5800 (2016).
C Xing et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 9 32896 (2017).
H S Patel, P K Kushwaha and M K Swami J. Appl. Phys. 123 23102 (2018).
P B Johnson et al. Optica 8 674 (2021).
J Yang, P Twardowski, P Gérard, Y Duo, J Fontaine and S Lecler Opt. Express 26 3723 (2018).
H Xing, W Zhou and Y Wu Opt. Lett. 43 4292 (2018).
Y Huang, Z Zhen, Y Shen, C Min and G Veronis Opt. Express 27 1310 (2019).
V Pacheco-Peña and M Beruete J. Appl. Phys. 125 084104 (2019).
Z Zhen, Y Huang, Y Feng, Y Shen and Z Li Opt. Express 27 9178 (2019).
S Zhou and T Zhou Appl. Phys. Express 13 42010 (2020).
S Zhou and M Yu Opt Quant. Electron. 53 1 (2021).
C Zhang, J Lin and M Gu Opt. Lett. 46 3127 (2021).
Y Geints, A Zemlyanov, I V Minin and O V Minin Opt. Lett. 45 3885 (2020).
I V Minin, Y Geints, A Zemlyanov and O V Minin Opt. Express 28 22690 (2020).
P B Johnson and R W Christy Phys. Rev. B 6 4370 (1972).
A D Rakić, A B Djurišić, J M Elazar and M L Majewski Appl. Opt. 37 5271 (1998).
A Darafsheh Opt. Lett. 42 735 (2017).
I V Minin, O V Minin, Y Cao, B Yan, Z Wang and B S Luk’yanchuk Opto-Electron Sci. 1 210008 (2022).
S Zhou Opt. Quant. Electron. 51 112 (2019).
R Chen, J Lin, P Jin, M Cada and Y Ma Opt. Commun. 456 124593 (2020).
Y E Geints, E K Panina, I V Minin and O V Minin J. Opt. 23 065101 (2021).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Natural Science Research Program of Huai'an (No. HAB202153), and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body (No. HGAMTL-1607).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosures
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, S., Wang, Y. & Yang, G. Intensity of photonic nanojets improved by means of a mirror. Indian J Phys 97, 907–913 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-022-02428-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-022-02428-7