Abstract
Plasmodium parasite causes malaria and affects the biochemical, physiological, and histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes and blood. The resultant effect leads to alterations in the metabolic activities of the liver, erythrocytes, as well as the buffer system. Therefore, we investigated the antiplasmodial activity, histomorphological studies of the hepatocytes and alterations in biochemical parameters in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice administered with the herbal formulation of aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica stem bark and leaves. The plant coarse leaves (250.71 g) and stem bark (509.34 g) were weighed to obtain their ratios, macerated in boiled distilled water (5 L) for 72 h, filtered, and concentrated to obtain the various extracts whereas LD50 calculation gave 5500.19 mg/kg. The extracts were administered to eleven groups of mice at a dosage of 300 mg/kg whereas artesunate and ACT served as the positive control drugs; the antiplasmodial profiling, biochemical, and histological evaluations followed standard protocols. The schizonticidal activity of the extracts were remarkable; moreover, the histological section of the liver (negative control) had increased deposition of hemozoin, sinusoidal congestions, activation of kupffer cells, and portal tract inflammations; however, the other treatment groups in the study drastically reduced inflammation. The biochemical parameters’ results revealed metabolic acidosis mitigation; hypocholesterolemia induction; enhanced hyperproteinemia, as well as hypoglycemia mitigation. The antiplasmodial therapeutic response, and biochemical derangements reversal corroborated with improved hepatocytes histoarchitecture of mice highlights the plant’s pharmacological efficacy. (Word counts: 227).
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Datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author on request.
Abbreviations
- ACT:
-
Artemisinin-based combination therapy
- WHO:
-
World health organization
- pRBCs:
-
Parasitized red blood cells
- SEM:
-
Standard error of mean
- RBC:
-
Red blood cell
- Hb:
-
Hemoglobin
- LDL:
-
Low density lipoprotein
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Acknowledgements
We magnanimously appreciate Mr. Ukpong, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the members of staff, Departments of Chemical pathology and Histopathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria for their guidance on expertise related to antiplasmodial studies, biochemical assay, and histomorphological studies as well as the reviewers and all the editors.
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The research was jointly funded by the authors; however, they utilized laboratory equipment in Arthur Jarvis University, Cross River State, and the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
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Conceptualization and methodology: Asanga EE. Software and statistical analysis: Okoroiwu H, Edet U, Joseph AP. Resources: Asanga EE, Akpaja, VB, Ikpeme JG, Nlemadim OM, Udoh IE. Writing, review & editing: Asanga EE, Okoroiwu H, Edet UO, Umoaffia NE, Edet BO, Archibong C, Isienyi CC, Nelson PE, Supervision: Asanga EE, All the authors read the manuscript and the authors' list and consented to the publication.
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The NIH guidelines for the care, handling, and the use of experimental animals (NIH publications No. 8023; revised 1978) and compliance with ARRIVE guidelines were judiciously followed. Moreover, the Animal Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, approved (approval number: UUFPHARM/01933) the experimental protocol.
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Asanga, E.E., Joseph, A.P., Okoroiwu, H.U. et al. The antimalarial profiling of Mangifera indica’s herbal formulation attenuated biochemical alterations and improved hepatocytes’ histoarchitecture in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Parasit Dis (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01662-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01662-6