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Monitoring of surrogate zoonotic parasites of Anisakidae and Echinobothrium deeghai as bioindicators by application of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA)

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Abstract

The unique characteristic of quickly altered but stable response by helminth parasites against metals and elements in a variety of aquatic ecosystems because of pollution conditions merit these as significant markers of fish health as well as of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Biomagnification of toxicants released in aquatic reservoirs by human mediated processes incorporating mining in coastal zones, industrial and agricultural inputs contributed to damaging consequences of human health due particularly to human consumption of edible fish and other biota that are exposed to contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. The metals and elements analysed could be arranged in decreasing order of concentration were found to be, P > Ca > Cd > Mn > Hg > Pb > As > Zn > S > Fe > Al > Cr > Mg > Cl. The association between Echinobothrium deeghai and Rotundocollarette capoori demonstrated surrogate relationship to drain in highly toxic heavy metals like Hg, Cr, As, Cd, from the ambience in the micro-environment of cestodes and nematodes and thus acted as benefactors for the life of the brackish water oceanodromous fish.

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Abbreviations

CF:

Caudal fin

DF:

Dorsal fin

G:

Gill

GM1:

Gill muscle part 1

GM2:

Gill muscle part 2 (replicate)

In:

Intestine

L:

Liver

M:

Muscle

PC:

Pyloric ceca

T:

Tetraphyllid

T1:

Tetraphyllid part 1

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Acknowledgements

AY is thankful to the Principal and Head of the Department of Zoology, C.M.P.P.G. College for the facilities. Great appreciation is due to Mr. Abul Maaz, Senior Technical Asstt., University Sophisticated Instruments Facility, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India for conducting Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis during investigations.

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No funding or any other financial assistance was received to carry on this investigation.

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Author notes

  1. Sandeep K. Malhotra

    Present address: , 45/21-A/8, Raman Ka Pura, Salemsarai, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211001, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, CMP PG College (a Constituent College of the University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India

    Anita Yadav

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India

    Sandeep K. Malhotra

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  1. Anita Yadav
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Correspondence to Sandeep K. Malhotra.

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Yadav, A., Malhotra, S.K. Monitoring of surrogate zoonotic parasites of Anisakidae and Echinobothrium deeghai as bioindicators by application of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA). J Parasit Dis 47, 793–806 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-023-01625-3

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