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Synthesis of Novel [CdO(75%)/VO2(20%)/SiC(4%):p-Si] Heterojunction Composite Thin Films Decorated with Chlorophyll using Solvothermal-Laser Dual Technique for Solar Cell Applications

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Abstract

The solvothermal technique is utilized to deposit the nanoparticles into nano-thin films. Where Vanadium dioxide (20%) was mixed with (4%) of SiC, then added to CdO with (75%) to fabricated nanocomposites. PLD technique used Nd: YAG laser with a different energy to deposit nano-thin films on p-Si substrate to get \([{{\text{CdO}}}_{\left(75\mathrm{\%}\right)}/{{\text{VO}}}_{\left(20\mathrm{\%}\right)}/{{\text{SiC}}}_{\left(4\mathrm{\%}\right)}:{\text{p}}-{\text{Si}}]\). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the expected behavior of grain formation, with granules evenly dispersed across the film surfaces of CdO, VO2, and SiC at particular places. In the presence of increased laser energy, the particle size decreases from 61 to 52 nm recognized. Elemental abundances of Cd, V, Si, C, O, and Mg were determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to be relatively high. XRD revealed a polycrystalline structure with discriminatory orientations in planes (100) and (101); the peaks of SiC at (111) and (220) appeared at angles (2θ = 34.1°, and 60°), respectively. The diffraction angle (2θ = 34.1°) was observed for Mg at level (111). By increasing laser pulsing, the optical absorption of the prepared composite increases from 310 nm of S1 to 330 nm of S2 and displays blue, and the band gap energies are reduced from 2.7 eV of S1 to 2.5 eV of S2. According to the current–voltage heterojunction characteristics, the forward bias current changes rapidly with applied voltage in the dark, consistent with the tunneling-recombination model. The I-V characteristics curve presented the efficiency of synthesizing nanocomposite thin film in a solar cell is η = 11 with FF = 0.48 under illumination.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the University of Babylon and Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Directorate of Education in Babel Governorate, Babil, Iraq

    Ammar Abd Ali Najm, Zaid L. Hadi & Ameen Alwan Mohaimeed

  2. Laser Physics Department, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq

    Saif M. Alshrefi

  3. Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq

    Ehssan Al-Bermany

  4. Medical Physics Department, College of Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babil, Iraq

    Ameen Alwan Mohaimeed

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  1. Ammar Abd Ali Najm
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Contributions

Ammar Abd Ali Najm and Zaid L. Hadi designed the idea and experimental part. Saif M. Alshrefi prepared the samples and wrote the introduction, laser process, and experimental sections. Ehssan Al-Bermany performed an analysis of the SEM and optical properties. Zaid L. Hadi contributed to the electrical properties. Ammar Abd Ali contributed to the XRD and I-V tests and wrote the conclusions. Saif M. Alshrefi and Ameen Alwan Mohaimeed contributed to the histogram of SEM images of grain distribution and I-V results. All authors read and approved the final submission.

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Najm, A.A.A., Alshrefi, S.M., Hadi, Z.L. et al. Synthesis of Novel [CdO(75%)/VO2(20%)/SiC(4%):p-Si] Heterojunction Composite Thin Films Decorated with Chlorophyll using Solvothermal-Laser Dual Technique for Solar Cell Applications. Silicon (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-024-02997-8

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