Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exploring the Impact of Catalyst Size and Si Nanoparticle Growth Temperature on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid SiNPs@epoxy Composite

  • Research
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Various sizes and different surface distribution of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) were successfully prepared with pure silicon powder and gold colloid as the source and catalyst, respectively, on the Si(111) substrate at different temperatures using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The SiNPs structural and optical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The average size of nanoparticles increases from 18 to 40 nm with increasing temperature from 750 to 1050 °C, respectively. A broad band PL with nearly same peak position at 630 nm and different intensity is observed for the small and large nanoparticles samples. Effect of catalyst size and growth temperature on glass transition temperature (Tg), fracture energy (GIC), fracture toughness (KIC), and yield stress, were studied. The Tg values of the silicon grown nanoparticles with different gold colloid sizes filled epoxies were determined to be 80 ± 2 °C, which match the neat resin at 80 °C. In finally, the fracture toughness and fracture energy indicated significant improvements with the addition of the SiNPs, and increased with increasing filler content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

I confirm I have included a data availability statement in my main manuscript file.

References

  1. Liagat M, Iqbal T, Maryam I, Riaz KN, Afsheen F, Sohaib M, Al-Zagri N, Warad I (2024) Enhancing photocatalytic activity: investigating the synthesis and characterization of BiVO4/Cu2O/graphene ternary nanocomposites. Actuators B 446:115122

  2. Kwon DK, Porte Y, Ko KY, Kim H, Myoung JM (2018) High-performance flexible ZnO nanorod UV/Gas dual sensors using Ag nanoparticle templates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:31505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sedky A, Hakamy A, Afify N, Sett L, Hamed D, Abd-Elnaem AM (2023) Comparative investigation of structural, photoluminescence, and magnetic characteristics of MxSn1−xOy nanocomposites. Appl Phys A 129:669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Snehal S, Lohani P (2018) Silica nanoparticles: Its green synthesis and importance in agriculture. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7(5):3383–3393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bose S, Ganayee MA, Mondal B, Baidya A, Chennu S, Mohanty JS, Pradeep T (2018) Synthesis of silicon nanoparticles from rice husk and their use as sustainable fluorophores for white light emission. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:6203–6210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gribov BG, Zinov’ev KV, Kalashnik ON, Gerasimenko NN, Smirnov DI, Sukhanov VN, Kononov NN, Dorofeev SG (2017) Production of silicon nanoparticles for use in solar cells. Semiconductors 51:1675–1680

  7. Zhu B, Ren G, Tang M, Chai F, Qu F, Wang Ch, Su Zh (2018) Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles for sensing Hg2+ and Ag+ as well visualization of latent fingerprints. Dyes Pigm 149:686–695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dagesyan SA, Shorokhov VV, Presnov DE, Soldatov ES, Trifonov AS, Krupenin VA (2017) Sequential reduction of the silicon single-electron transistor structure to atomic scale. Nanotechnology 28:225304

  9. Mebded AM, Malsche VD, Abd-Elnaem AM (2022) Fabrication, boron leaching, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of nanoporous P-Type silicon. SILICON 14:5691–5701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Badr Y, Ab El-Wahed MG, Mahmoud MA (2018) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl red dye by silica nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 154(1–3):245–253

  11. Huan Ch, Shu-Qing S (2014) Silicon nanoparticles: preparation, properties, and applications. Chin Phys B 23(8):088102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang X, Miao X, Zhao Zh, Liu R, Li M (2013) Substrate with Si nanoparticles prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition for application in Si solar cells. Adv Mater Res 805:36–39

    Google Scholar 

  13. Martinez-Carmona M, Vallet-Regi M (2020) Advances in laser Ablation synthesized silicon-based nanomaterials for the prevention of bacterial infection. Nano Mater 10(8):1443

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Holmes JD, Ziegler KJ, Doty RC, Pell LE, Johnston KP, Korgel BA (2001) Highly luminescent silicon nanocrystals with discrete optical transitions. J Am Chem Soc 123:3743–3748

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ledoux G, Gong J, Huisken F, Guillois O, Reynaud C (2002) Photoluminescence of size-separated silicon nanocrystals: confirmation of quantum confinement. Appl Phys Lett 80:4834–4836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pillai S, Catchpole KR, Trupke T, Green MA (2007) Surface plasmon enhanced silicon solar cells. J Appl Phys 101:093105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Dixit ChK, Bhakta S, Macharia J, Furtado J, Suib SL, Rusling JF (2018) Novel epoxy-silica nanoparticles to develop non-enzymatic colorimetric probe for analytical immuno/bioassays. Anal Chim Acta 1028:77–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Rosen JE, Gu FX (2011) Surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles with cysteine: a low-fouling zwitterionic surface. Langmuir 27:10507–10513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Soni A, Zhao L, Ta HQ, Shi Q, Pang J, Wrobel PS, Gemming T, Bachmatiuk A, Rummeli MH (2018) Facile graphitization of silicon nano-particles with ethanol based chemical vapor deposition. Nano-Struct Nano-Objects 16:38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hamidinezhad H, Mozafari H, Naseri RS (2020) Study of grass shoot-shape silicon nanowires grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Silicon 13:111–117

    Google Scholar 

  21. Koutsawa Y, Tiem S, Yu WB, Addiego F, Giunta G (2017) A micromechanics approach for effective elastic properties of nanocomposites with energetic surfaces/interfaces. Compos Struct 159:278–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ghabban AA, Zubaidi ABA, Jafar M, Fakhri Z (2018) Effect of nano SiO2 and nano CaCO3 on the mechanical properties, durability and flowability of concrete. IOP Conf Series Mater Sci Eng 454:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Saba N, Paridah MT, Abdan K, Ibrahim NA (2016) Effect of oil palm nano filler on mechanical and morphological properties of kenaf reinforced epoxy composites. Constr Build Mater 123:15–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu HT, Yu YJ, Liu HM, Jin JZ, Liu SQ (2018) Hybrid effects of nanosilica and graphene oxide on mechanical properties and hydration products of oil well cement. Constr Build Mater 191:311–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mallakpour S, Naghdi M (2018) Polymer/SiO2 nanocomposites: Production and applications. Prog Mater Sci 97:409–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mammeri F, Le Bourhis E, Rozes L, Sanchez C (2005) Mechanical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic materials. J Mater Chem 15:3789–3811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Qiong Wu, Miao W-S, Zhang Y-d, Gao H-J, Hui D (2020) Mechanical properties of nanomaterials: a review. Nanotechnol Rev 9:259–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Li Qi, Jin R (2017) Photoluminescence from colloidal silicon nanoparticles: significant effect of surface. Nanotechnol Rev 6(6):601–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Canham L (2020) Introductory lecture: origins and applications of efficient visible photoluminescence from silicon-based nanostructures. R Soc Chem 222:10–81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hernandez-Abril PA et al (2021) Synthesis of silicon quantum dots using chitosan as a novel reductor agent. Res Mater Sci 67:249–254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cho EC, Kim JK (2008) Surface passivation of silicon nanoparticles via thermal oxidation for luminescence applications. J Lumin 128(3):433–437

    Google Scholar 

  32. Huang M, Li Z, Huang Y, Li D (2015) Surface passivation of silicon nanoparticles by chemical functionalization: current status and prospects. Nanoscale 7(41):17305–17324

    Google Scholar 

  33. Othman RNR, Subramaniam DK et al (2022) The synergistic effects of hybrid micro and nano silica in influencing the mechanical properties of epoxy composites: a new model. Polymers 14(19):3969

  34. Gao J, Patterson BA, Kashcooli Y et al (2022) Synergistic fracture toughness enhancement of epoxy-amine matrices via combination of network topology modification and silica nanoparticle reinforcement. Compos B Eng 238:109857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chang Su, Wang X, Ding L, Zhinshen Wu (2020) Enhancement of mechanical behavior of FRP composites modified by silica nanoparticles. Constr Build Mater 262:120769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ebnalwaled AA, Sadek AH, Ismail SH et al (2022) Structural, optical, dielectric, and surface properties of polyimide hybrid nanocomposites films embedded mesoporous silica nanoparticles synthesized from rice husk ash for optoelectronic applications. Opt Quant Electron 54:690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kishore K, Pandey A, Wagri NK, Saxena A, Patel J, Al-Fakih A (2023) Technological challenges in nanoparticle-modified geopolymer concrete: A comprehensive review on nanomaterial dispersion, characterization techniques and its mechanical properties. Case Stud Constr Mater 19:2265

Download references

Funding

No funding was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Mozafari

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

    Habib Hamidinezhad

  3. Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

    Habib Hamidinezhad

Authors
  1. Hamid Mozafari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Habib Hamidinezhad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

A. "Hamid Mozafari" has primarily on the synthesis and characterization of the Si nanoparticles. This include the preparation of precursor solution, electrospinning process optimization, and structural and morphological analysis of the nanoparticles using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X–ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, A. "Hamid Mozafari" has been involved in conducting various experiments related to the fabrication and testing of hybrid nanocoposite. B. "Habib Hamidinezhad" has primarily contributed to the fabrication and characterization of hybrid nanocomposite. This includes the preparation of working deposition of dye, assembly of hybrid nanocomposite, and measurement of the glass transition temperature (Tg), fracture energy (GIC), fracture toughness (KIC), Young’s modulus (E) and yield stress (s), B. "Habib Hamididnezhad" has also been involved in the data analysis, interpretation, and discussion of the result obtained from these experiments. A. B. "Hamid Mozafari and Habib Hamidinezhad" have actively participated in reviewing relevant literature, discussing research findings, and drafting the manuscript. We have jointly revised and edited the manuscript to ensure its scientific accuracy and clarity. All revisions have been made with mutual agreement and consent. We confirm that all source used in this study have been appropriately cited and acknowledged. No part of this manuscript has been published or submitted elsewhere for publication. We take full responsibility for any errors or omissions present in this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hamid Mozafari.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics Approval

For this type of study formal consent is not required.

Consent to Participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent for Publication

The Authors hereby consents to publication of the Work in any and all Silicon publications.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mozafari, H., Hamidinezhad, H. Exploring the Impact of Catalyst Size and Si Nanoparticle Growth Temperature on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid SiNPs@epoxy Composite. Silicon 16, 929–938 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02728-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02728-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation