Abstract
Coating of Mg alloys with Mg-phosphate is usually performed by complex and costly methods. This work was mainly aimed at using Mg-phosphate ceramic for Mg metal implants by simple and cost-effective spin coating combined with a sol–gel approach. Where, Mg-phosphate ceramic particles were dispersed with different percentages (0, 10, and 30 wt. %) in the glass sol (85 SiO2 – 10 CaO – 5 P2O5 system) as a coating solution. The coated substrates were characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, contact angle, and SEM/EDX analyses, and the in vitro bioactivity test was performed in revised simulated body fluid (rSBF). The results showed the coating thickness was 8.8 ± 0.8, 5.4 ± 0.6, and 5 ± 0.7 μm for MP0, MP10, and MP30, respectively. Moreover, the coatings increased the hydrophilicity of the metal surface. All coatings enhanced the formation of an apatite-bone like layer on the Mg metal surface, and they were viable with oral epithelial cells at a concentration ≤ 125 μg/ml. Moreover, MP0 and MP10 coatings significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the metal, while; MP30 coating did not show a significant effect on it. Thus, the percentage of Mg-phosphate in the coating was valuable for corrosion resistance when it was ≤ 10 wt. %. As a result, the composite coatings showed promising coatings for Mg metal substrate to enhance its corrosion resistance at low percentages of Mg-phosphate ceramic.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
DAta Availability
The data and materials that have been used in this work is not available to be shared, they are confidential data.
References
Tong P et al (2022) Recent progress on coatings of biomedical magnesium alloy. Smart Materials in Medicine 3:104–116
Staiger MP et al (2006) Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review. Biomaterials 27(9):1728–1734
Kirkland NT (2012) Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future. Corros Eng, Sci Technol 47(5):322–328
Virtanen S (2011) Biodegradable Mg and Mg alloys: Corrosion and biocompatibility. Mater Sci Eng, B 176(20):1600–1608
Agarwal S et al (2016) Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications: A review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications. Mater Sci Eng, C 68:948–963
Song G (2005) Recent progress in corrosion and protection of magnesium alloys. Adv Eng Mater 7(7):563–586
Song G (2007) Control of biodegradation of biocompatable magnesium alloys. Corros Sci 49(4):1696–1701
Song G-L (2013) Corrosion prevention of magnesium alloys. Elsevier
Ding Y et al (2014) Effects of alloying elements on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys: a review. Journal of materials chemistry B 2(14):1912–1933
Samant AN, Dahotre NB (2009) Laser machining of structural ceramics—A review. J Eur Ceram Soc 29(6):969–993
Banerjee PC et al (2011) Electrochemical investigation of the influence of laser surface melting on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of ZE41 magnesium alloy–An EIS based study. Corros Sci 53(4):1505–1514
Zou Y-H et al (2019) Corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity of zinc-loaded montmorillonite coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloy AZ31. Acta biomaterialia
Ashassi-Sorkhabi H et al (2019) Hybrid sol-gel coatings based on silanes-amino acids for corrosion protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy: Electrochemical and DFT insights. Prog Org Coat 131:191–202
Bosco R et al (2012) Surface engineering for bone implants: a trend from passive to active surfaces. Coatings 2(3):95–119
Mashtalyar DV et al (2022) Antibacterial Ca/P-coatings formed on Mg alloy using plasma electrolytic oxidation and antibiotic impregnation. Mater Lett 317:132099
Shi H et al (2021) Biodegradable polyacrylate copolymer coating for bio-functional magnesium alloy. Prog Org Coat 159:106422
Nadaraia KV et al (2021) Some new aspects of the study of dependence of properties of PEO coatings on the parameters of current in potentiodynamic mode. Surf Coat Technol 426:127744
Muresan L (2015) Intelligent Coatings for Corrosion Control. Elsevier Amsterdam
Hench LL et al (1971) Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. J Biomed Mater Res 5(6):117–141
Hench LL (1998) Bioactive materials: the potential for tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res 41(4):511–518
Rahaman MN et al (2011) Bioactive glass in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 7(6):2355–2373
Vallet-Regí M, Ragel CV, Salinas AJ (2003) Glasses with medical applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003(6):1029–1042
Kaur M, Singh H, Prakash S (2008) A survey of the literature on the use of high velocity oxy‐fuel spray technology for high temperature corrosion and erosion‐corrosion resistant coatings. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials
Farag MM, Liu HH, Makhlouf AH (2021) New Nano-Bioactive Glass/Magnesium Phosphate Composites by Sol-Gel Route for Bone Defect Treatment. SILICON 13(3):857–865
Farag M, Yun H-S (2014) Effect of gelatin addition on fabrication of magnesium phosphate-based scaffolds prepared by additive manufacturing system. Mater Lett 132:111–115
Lee J et al (2014) A simultaneous process of 3D magnesium phosphate scaffold fabrication and bioactive substance loading for hard tissue regeneration. Mater Sci Eng, C 36:252–260
Farag MM et al (2020) The combined antibacterial and anticancer properties of nano Ce-containing Mg-phosphate ceramic. Life Sci 257:117999
Tamimi F et al (2011) Biocompatibility of magnesium phosphate minerals and their stability under physiological conditions. Acta Biomater 7(6):2678–2685
Moseke C, Saratsis V, Gbureck U (2011) Injectability and mechanical properties of magnesium phosphate cements. J Mater Sci - Mater Med 22(12):2591–2598
Wagh AS, Primus C (2006) Method and product for phosphosilicate slurry for use in dentistry and related bone cements. Google Patents
Van Phuong N, Moon S (2014) Comparative corrosion study of zinc phosphate and magnesium phosphate conversion coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy. Mater Lett 122:341–344
Ye X et al (2012) Bioactive glass–ceramic coating for enhancing the in vitro corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloy. Appl Surf Sci 259:799–805
Bai K et al (2012) Fabrication of chitosan/magnesium phosphate composite coating and the in vitro degradation properties of coated magnesium alloy. Mater Lett 73:59–61
Anawati A, Hidayati E, Labibah H (2021) Characteristics of magnesium phosphate coatings formed on AZ31 Mg alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation with improved current efficiency. Mater Sci Eng, B 272:115354
Oyane A et al (2003) Preparation and assessment of revised simulated body fluids. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials 65(2):188-195
Jiang W et al (2018) In vitro evaluation of MgSr and MgCaSr alloys via direct culture with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 72:407–423
Johnson I et al (2016) A systemic study on key parameters affecting nanocomposite coatings on magnesium substrates. Acta Biomater 36:332–349
Park HY et al (2009) Characteristics of organic–inorganic hybrid coating films synthesized from colloidal silica-silane sol. J Electroceram 22(1–3):309–314
Mioč EK, Gretić ZH, Ćurković HO (2018) Modification of cupronickel alloy surface with octadecylphosphonic acid self–assembled films for improved corrosion resistance. Corros Sci 134:189–198
Menzies KL, Jones L (2010) The impact of contact angle on the biocompatibility of biomaterials. Optom Vis Sci 87(6):387–399
Goh Y-F et al (2014) In-vitro characterization of antibacterial bioactive glass containing ceria. Ceram Int 40(1):729–737
Kokubo T et al (1990) Ca, P-rich layer formed on high-strength bioactive glass-ceramic A-W. J Biomed Mater Res, Part A 24(3):331–343
Song G et al (1997) The anodic dissolution of magnesium in chloride and sulphate solutions. Corros Sci 39(10–11):1981–2004
Zhang Y et al (2005) Electrochemical behavior of anodized Mg alloy AZ91D in chloride containing aqueous solution. Corros Sci 47(11):2816–2831
Farag MM et al (2022) Comparative study of Mg-phosphate/cellulose and struvite/cellulose composites: Green synthesis, degradation, and biocompatibility. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, p. 100337
Farag MM et al (2022) Dental pulp stem cell viability and osteogenic potential assessment of new Mg-phosphate magnetic bioceramic nanoparticles. J Mater Res 37(2):595–607
Chiu K et al (2007) Characterization and corrosion studies of fluoride conversion coating on degradable Mg implants. Surf Coat Technol 202(3):590–598
Shi Z, Liu M, Atrens A (2010) Measurement of the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using Tafel extrapolation. Corros Sci 52(2):579–588
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the National Research Centre, and Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Egypt for the possibility to use their facilities.
Funding
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Mohammad M. Farag: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing Original draft preparation. Hanaa Y. Ahmed: Methodology, Data curation. Zainab M. Al-Rashidy: Methodology, Data curation, Writing Original draft preparation.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Farag, M.M., Ahmed, H.Y. & Al-Rashidy, Z.M. Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy by Magnesium Phosphate/Glass Composite Coatings Using Sol–Gel Method. Silicon 15, 3841–3854 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02226-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02226-0