Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental Investigation on Microstructural and Mechanical Attributes of Al 7075-T6/SiC/CR/MoS2 Based Green Hybrid Composite Via Advanced Vacuum-Sealed Bottom Pouring Stir Casting

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hybrid metal matrix composites are the modern age materials that are extensively employed in automotive, civil construction, and bio-medical sectors. These composites should be eco-friendly, cost-effective, and exhibited with good mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel hybrid metal matrix composite with Al7075-T6 as a base matrix and SiC/CR/MoS2 as three distinct reinforcements, which is fabricated through advanced vacuum-sealed bottom pouring stir casting (BPSC) technique. The various process parameters chosen for the experimental study at room temperature are silicon carbide (SiC) content (3.5 and 4.5 wt.%), crumb rubber (CR) content (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt.%), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) content (3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 wt.%), stirring speed (580, 600 and 620 rpm), stirring time (2, 5 and 8 min) and pouring temperature (670, 700 and 730 °C). The design of experiments (DoE) with Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) are also conducted to investigate the influence of process parameters on densities, porosity level, surface morphology, micro-hardness, and tensile strength of the synthesized composites. Experimental results have validated that the density and porosity are significantly revamped with the selected process parameters. In addition, the microscopic images of synthesized composites have demonstrated the better surface morphology because of the uniform dispersion of reinforcements over the base matrix which is examined through an optical microscope, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/FESEM-EDS) techniques. In contrast to monolithic alloy, the synthesized hybrid composite having the composition of Al7075-T6 + 3.5%SiC+0.3%CR + 5.5%MoS2 (i.e. sample no.3) attains maximum improvement with porosity content is decreased by 38.74% whereas; micro-hardness and tensile strength are increased by 34.66% and 27.82%, respectively. Besides, the pooled ANOVA has also predicted the percentage contribution of the selected process parameters for micro-hardness and tensile strength.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Subramaniam B, Natarajan B, Kaliyaperumal B, Chelladurai SJS (2018) Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium 7075-boron carbide-coconut shell fly ash reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites. China Foundry 15(6):449–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Khed VC, Mohammed BS, Nuruddin MF (2018) Effects of different crumb rubber sizes on the flowability and compressive strength of hybrid fibre reinforced ECC. In IOP Conf Series: Earth Environl Sci 140(1):012137

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tileuberdi Y, Ongarbayev Y, Mansurov Z, Imanbayev Y, Otarova N, Tulepov M (2019) Оbtаining саrbоn mаtеriаls frоm rubbеr сrumb. Procedia Comput Sci 158:334–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Calik A, Duzgun A, Sahin O, Ucar N (2010) Effect of carbon content on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steels. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65(5):468–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Piszczyk Ł, Hejna A, Formela K, Danowska M, Strankowski M (2015) Effect of ground tire rubber on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foams. Iran Polym J 24(1):75–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Plesuma R, Megne A, Mateusa-Krukle I, Malers L (2013) Mechanical properties of the composite material based on modified scrap tires and polymer binder. Prog Rubber Plast Recycling Technol 29(3):177–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Singh N, Belokar RM (2021) Tribological behavior of aluminum and magnesium-based hybrid metal matrix composites: a state-of-art review. Mater Today: Proc 44(1):460–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.757

  8. Ramanathan A, Krishnan PK, Muraliraja R (2019) A review on the production of metal matrix composites through stir casting–furnace design, properties, challenges, and research opportunities. J Manuf Process 42:213–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Alaneme KK, Okotete EA, Fajemisin AV, Bodunrin MO (2019) Applicability of metallic reinforcements for mechanical performance enhancement in metal matrix composites: a review. Arab J Basic App Sci 26(1):311–330

    Google Scholar 

  10. Reddy PV, Kumar GS, Krishnudu DM, Rao HR (2020) Mechanical and wear performances of aluminium-based metal matrix composites: a review. J Bio- Tribo-Corros 6:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Prasad SV, Asthana R (2004) Aluminum metal-matrix composites for automotive applications: tribological considerations. Tribol Lett 17(3):445–453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Prabhu TR, Varma VK, Vedantam S (2014) Effect of reinforcement type, size, and volume fraction on the tribological behavior of Fe matrix composites at high sliding speed conditions. Wear 309(1–2):247–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Singh N, Belokar RM, Walia RS (2020) A critical review on advanced reinforcements and base materials on hybrid metal matrix composites. Silicon:1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00853-z

  14. Sahu MK, Sahu RK (2018) Fabrication of aluminum matrix composites by stir casting technique and stirring process parameters optimization. Advanced Casting Technologies. IntechOpen https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/58816

  15. Gopalakrishnan S, Murugan N (2012) Production and wear characterisation of AA 6061 matrix titanium carbide particulate reinforced composite by enhanced stir casting method. Compos Part B 43(2):302–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Singh N (2020) Influence of stir casting technique on HMMCs- a literature survey. J Emerg Technol Innov Res 7(6):1636–1642

    Google Scholar 

  17. Moona G, Walia RS, Rastogi V, Sharma R (2019) Parameter optimization and characterization of environmental friendly aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites. Mater Res Express 6(11):1165d5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Reddy TP, Kishore SJ, Theja PC, Rao PP (2020) Development and wear behavior investigation on aluminum-7075/B 4 C/fly ash metal matrix composites. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater:1–11

  19. Kar C, Surekha B (2021) Characterisation of aluminium metal matrix composites reinforced with titanium carbide and red mud. Mater Res Innov 25(2):67–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Prabu SB, Karunamoorthy L, Kathiresan S, Mohan B (2006) Influence of stirring speed and stirring time on distribution of particles in cast metal matrix composite. J Mater Process Technol 171(2):268–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bhushan RK (2021) Effect of SiC particle size and weight% on mechanical properties of AA7075 SiC composite. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 4(1):74–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee H, Choi JH, Jo MC, Lee D, Shin S, Jo I, Lee S (2018) Effects of SiC particulate size on dynamic compressive properties in 7075-T6 Al-SiCp composites. Mater Sci Eng A 738:412–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Atrian A, Majzoobi GH, Enayati MH, Bakhtiari H (2014) Mechanical and microstructural characterization of Al7075/SiC nanocomposites fabricated by dynamic compaction. Int J Miner Metall Mater 21(3):295–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shuvho MBA, Chowdhury MA, Kchaou M, Roy BK, Rahman A, Islam MA (2020) Surface characterization and mechanical behavior of aluminum based metal matrix composite reinforced with nano Al2O3, SiC, TiO2 particles. Chem Data Collect 28:100442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang Z, Xie MS, Zhang WW, Yang C, Xie GQ, Louzguine-Luzgin DV (2020) Achieving super-high strength in an aluminum based composite by reinforcing metallic glassy flakes. Mater Lett 262:127059

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu S, Wang Y, Muthuramalingam T, Anbuchezhiyan G (2019) Effect of B4C and MOS2 reinforcement on micro structure and wear properties of aluminum hybrid composite for automotive applications. Compos Part B 176:107329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kumar P, Kumar BV, Joshi R, Manjunatha TH (2018) Evaluation of Al7075 reinforced with SiC for its mechanical properties & surface roughness by drilling. Mater Today: Proc 5(11):25121–25129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hashim J, Looney L, Hashmi MSJ (2001) The enhancement of wettability of SiC particles in cast aluminium matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 119(1–3):329–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ross PJ (1988) Taguchi techniques for quality engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  30. Singh N, Belokar RM, Walia RS (2012) Physiological evaluation of manual lifting task on Indian male workers. Int J Eng Adv Tech 2(1):8–16

    Google Scholar 

  31. Prasad DS, Shoba C, Ramanaiah N (2014) Investigations on mechanical properties of aluminum hybrid composites. J Mater Res Technol 3(1):79–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Moona G, Walia RS, Rastogi V, Sharma R (2018) Aluminium metal matrix composites: a retrospective investigation. Indian J Pure App Phys 56(2):164–175

    Google Scholar 

  33. Tosun G, Kurt M (2019) The porosity, microstructure, and hardness of Al-mg composites reinforced with micro particle SiC/Al2O3 produced using powder metallurgy. Compos Part B 174:106965

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ilegbusi OJ, Yang J (2000) Porosity nucleation in metal-matrix composites. Metall Mater Trans A 31(8):2069–2074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kaya H, Çadırlı E, Gündüz M (2007) Dendritic growth in an aluminum-silicon alloy. J Mater Eng Perform 16(1):12–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wu JM, Li ZZ (2000) Contributions of the particulate reinforcement to dry sliding wear resistance of rapidly solidified Al-Ti alloys. Wear 244(1–2):147–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Singh N, Belokar RM, Walia RS (2021) Implementation of robust Taguchi approach on mechanical and metallurgical characterization of Al7075 (T6)-SiC-MoS2 based hybrid metal matrix composite. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.494

  38. Kumar GV, Rao CSP, Selvaraj N (2012) Mechanical and dry sliding wear behavior of Al7075 alloy-reinforced with SiC particles. J Compos Mater 46(10):1201–1209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kennedy AR, Karantzalis AE, Wyatt SM (1999) The microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC and TiB2-reinforced cast metal matrix composites. J Mater Sci 34(5):933–940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Poovazhagan L, Kalaichelvan K, Rajadurai A, Senthilvelan V (2013) Characterization of hybrid silicon carbide and boron carbide nanoparticles-reinforced aluminum alloy composites. Procedia Eng 64:681–689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Surappa MK (2003) Aluminium matrix composites: challenges and opportunities. Sadhana 28(1–2):319–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The first author would like to give his sincere thanks to Dr. Deepika for her immense support and valuable suggestions.

Funding Statement

This research work received no specific grant (or fund) from any funding agency.

Availability of Data and Material

The data and material used to support the findings of this research work are included in the article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Production and Industrial Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed To Be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Nikhilesh Singh, R M Belokar & R S Walia

Authors
  1. Nikhilesh Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R M Belokar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R S Walia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Nikhilesh Singh: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing (First Author).

R M Belokar: Supervision (Co-Author).

R S Walia: Supervision (Co-Author & Corresponding Author).

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R S Walia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

The authors ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed during this research work.

Consent to Participate

The authors give full consent to participate in this research work.

Consent for Publication

The authors give full consent for publication of this research work.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, N., Belokar, R.M. & Walia, R.S. Experimental Investigation on Microstructural and Mechanical Attributes of Al 7075-T6/SiC/CR/MoS2 Based Green Hybrid Composite Via Advanced Vacuum-Sealed Bottom Pouring Stir Casting. Silicon 14, 7643–7665 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01473-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01473-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation