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The correlation between patient satiety sensation and total gastric fluid volume: a prospective observational study

Corrélation entre la sensation de satiété et le volume total de liquide gastrique : une étude observationnelle prospective

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Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Surgical patients are asked to adhere to preoperative fasting guidelines to minimize gastric contents. Large fluid volumes or solid content can still be present as shown with gastric ultrasound. It has been suggested that additional rating of patients’ satiety, measured as the feeling of hunger and thirst, could help clinicians to better judge emptying of the stomach.

Methods

We performed a prospective observational study in fasted elective surgical patients. The primary objective was to investigate the correlation between hunger measured on a 0–10 numeric rating scale and total gastric fluid volume measured with gastric ultrasonography. Secondary objectives included the correlation between 1) thirst and total gastric fluid volume and 2) hunger, thirst, and the Perlas grading scale score.

Results

We included 515 patients. The exam was inconclusive in 14 individuals (2.7%). The Spearman correlation coefficient between gastric fluid volumes and hunger was 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.20) (P = 0.01). The correlation between gastric fluid volumes and thirst was 0.11 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.20) (P = 0.02). Between antral grades and numeric rating scale, the correlation coefficient was 0.00 (95% CI, −0.09 to 0.09) (P = 1.00) for thirst and 0.00 (95% CI, −0.08 to 0.09) (P = 0.94) for hunger. Ten patients (2.0%) had solid content, 24 presented a grade 2 antrum (4.8%).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the correlation between total gastric fluid volume and satiety sensation is very weak. Satiety did not reliably predict total gastric fluid volume.

Study registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04884373); registered 13 May 2021.

Résumé

Objectif

On demande aux patient·es de chirurgie de respecter les directives de jeûne préopératoire afin de minimiser leur contenu gastrique. Comme le montre l’échographie gastrique, de grands volumes de liquide ou des solides peuvent encore être présents. Il a été suggéré qu’une évaluation supplémentaire de la satiété des patient·es, mesurée par la sensation de faim et de soif, pourrait aider les clinicien·nes à mieux estimer la vidange de l’estomac.

Méthode

Nous avons réalisé une étude observationnelle prospective chez des patient·es de chirurgie non urgente à jeun. L’objectif principal était d’étudier la corrélation entre la faim mesurée sur une échelle d’évaluation numérique de 0 à 10 et le volume total de liquide gastrique mesuré par échographie gastrique. Les objectifs secondaires comprenaient la corrélation entre 1) la soif et le volume total de liquide gastrique et 2) la faim, la soif et le score de l’échelle de classement Perlas.

Résultats

Nous avons inclus 515 personnes. L’examen était non concluant chez 14 individus (2,7 %). Le coefficient de corrélation de Spearman entre les volumes de liquide gastrique et la faim était de 0,11 (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 0,02 à 0,20) (P = 0,01). La corrélation entre les volumes de liquide gastrique et la soif était de 0,11 (IC 95 %, 0,02 à 0,20) (P = 0,02). Entre les grades antraux et l’échelle d’évaluation numérique, le coefficient de corrélation était de 0,00 (IC 95 %, -0,09 à 0,09) (P = 1,00) pour la soif et de 0,00 (IC 95 %, -0,08 à 0,09) (P = 0,94) pour la faim. Un contenu solide a été observé chez dix personnes (2,0 %), et 24 présentaient un antre de grade 2 (4,8 %).

Conclusion

Cette étude suggère que la corrélation entre le volume total de liquide gastrique et la sensation de satiété est très faible. La satiété n’a pas permis de prédire de manière fiable le volume total de liquide gastrique.

Enregistrement de l’étude

clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04884373); enregistrée le 13 mai 2021.

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Author contributions

Peter Van de Putte contributed to study design, data collection, data interpretation, writing and revision of the manuscript, and approval of the final manuscript. Anneleen Herijgers, An Wallyn, and Lisa Van Dyck contributed to data collection, writing and revision of the manuscript, and approval of the final manuscript. Tom Bleeser contributed to statistical analysis, interpretation of data, writing and revising the manuscript, and approval of the final manuscript. Brecht Calle, Jenny del Jesus Sanchez Fernandez, Fikriye Dogrul, and Ellen Hendrickx contributed to data collection, revision of the manuscript, and approval of the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank Tom Cattaert, MSc, PhD and Sara Van de Putte, MSc, for their help with the statistical analysis.

Disclosures

No conflicts of interests to declare.

Funding statement

No funding.

Editorial responsibility

This submission was handled by Dr. Stephan K. W. Schwarz, Editor-in-Chief, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d’anesthésie.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium

    Peter Van de Putte MD, PhD, An Wallyn MD, Brecht Calle MD & Ellen Hendrickx MD

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium

    Anneleen Herijgers MD, Tom Bleeser MD, PhD, Lisa Van Dijck MD, PhD, Jenny del Jesus Sanchez Fernandez MD & Fikriye Dogrul MD

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Correspondence to Peter Van de Putte MD, PhD.

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This article is accompanied by an Editorial. Please see Can J Anesth 2023; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-023-02507-1.

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Van de Putte, P., Herijgers, A., Wallyn, A. et al. The correlation between patient satiety sensation and total gastric fluid volume: a prospective observational study. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth 70, 1307–1314 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-023-02508-0

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