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Breast Imaging in Special Populations: Indications and Findings in Pregnant and Lactating, Male, and Transgender Patients

  • Best Practice Approaches Breast Radiology-Pathology Correlation and Management (J Scheel and MR Kilgore, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This article addresses how to approach patients in special populations who present to the radiology department with breast symptoms.

Recent Findings

We summarize updated guidelines on appropriate imaging and management of the most common causes of breast symptoms in pregnant or lactating patients, male patients, and transgender patients.

Summary

There are special considerations that must be taken into account when working up breast symptoms in pregnant and lactating patients, male patients, and transgender patients. Normal clinical exam and imaging findings can mimic pathologic processes in these patient groups. It is important, therefore, for the radiologist to recognize the appropriate context in which to recommend a biopsy in order to avoid unnecessary intervention. This review will prepare the reader to select the most appropriate imaging modalities for work-up, form a differential diagnosis, and appropriately manage these patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    Erica B. Pollack

  2. Department of Pathology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA

    Mary C. O’Keefe

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  1. Erica B. Pollack
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  2. Mary C. O’Keefe
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Correspondence to Erica B. Pollack.

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Pollack, E.B., O’Keefe, M.C. Breast Imaging in Special Populations: Indications and Findings in Pregnant and Lactating, Male, and Transgender Patients. Curr Breast Cancer Rep 13, 268–281 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12609-021-00428-w

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