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Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Stylicin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Shrimp Penaeus vannamei through Comparative Proteomic Approach

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Abstract

The shrimp immune system defends and protects against infection by its naturally expressing antimicrobial peptides. Stylicin is a proline-rich anionic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, stylicin gene was isolated from Penaeus vannamei, cloned into vector pET-28a ( +), and overexpressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 cells. The protein was purified and tested for its antibiofilm activity against shrimp pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It was resulted that the recombinant stylicin significantly reduced the biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg. Cell aggregation was observed by using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and it was resulted that stylicin administration significantly affects the cell structure and biofilm density of V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation (p < 0.05) of genes responsible for growth and colonization. The efficacy of stylicin was tested by injecting it into shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and 7 days after infection, stylicin-treated animals recovered and survived better in both treatments (T2—100 µg stylicin, − 68.8%; T1—50 µg stylicin, 60%) than in control (7%) (p < 0.01). Comparative proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis of shrimp hemolymph resulted that the expressed proteins were involved in cell cycle, signal transduction, immune pathways, and stress-related proteins representing infection and recovery, and were significantly different in the stylicin-treated groups. The result of this study suggests that the stylicin can naturally boost immunity and can be used as a choice for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections in shrimp.

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Data Availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (DBT/PR11721/AAQ/683/2014), India, and special thanks are due to the Director, ICAR – Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, for providing the necessary facilities.

Funding

The work was financially supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR – Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India

    Saranya Chakrapani, Akshaya Panigrahi, Esakkiraj Palanichamy & Naveenkumar Radhakrishnan

  2. Aquatic Animal Health & Environment Division, ICAR – Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India

    Sathish Kumar Thangaraj

  3. Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON), Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India

    Puspamitra Panigrahi

  4. CAS in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India

    Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam

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  1. Saranya Chakrapani
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  2. Akshaya Panigrahi
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  3. Esakkiraj Palanichamy
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  6. Puspamitra Panigrahi
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  7. Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam
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Contributions

CS and PE—execution of the experiment, sampling, data analysis, and drafting the manuscript; AP—conceptualizing the study, interpreting results, and fund management; SK—carried out scanning electron microscopy; NK—execution of the experiment; PP—carried out microscopic analysis; RN—carried out 2D gel electrophoresis.

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Correspondence to Akshaya Panigrahi.

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The research undertaken complies with the current animal welfare laws of India. The study was undertaken with the approval of the statutory authorities of the Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India. The experimental animal Penaeus vannamei is not an endangered shrimp; hence, the provisions of the Government of India’s Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 are not applicable for experiments on this shrimp.

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Chakrapani, S., Panigrahi, A., Palanichamy, E. et al. Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Stylicin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Shrimp Penaeus vannamei through Comparative Proteomic Approach. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 16, 76–92 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-10006-w

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