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Thurincin H Is a Nonhemolytic Bacteriocin of Bacillus thuringiensis with Potential for Applied Use

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Abstract

Thurincin H, a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While much is known about its expression and antimicrobial spectrum, its hemolytic property has yet to be established. In this study, thurincin H was produced in a plasmid-free acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis (Bt Cry−B) that naturally lacked antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. When grown in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), the bacteriocin’s maximal production in Bt Cry−B harboring the thurincin H genetic cluster (Bt Cry−B/pThur) was observed at 24 h. Thurincin H was purified as a sole peptide of ~5 kDa using three purification steps, i.e., salt precipitation, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration chromatography. The bacteriocin showed inhibitory activity against B. cereus (5631 U), Bt Cry−B (8827 U), E. faecium wild type (11,197 U), and E. faecium ATCC 19,434 (6950 U), but not against Bt Cry−B/pThurH and Bt Cry−B/pThurHΔThnA. In addition, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 μg/mL against B. cereus 183 was observed. In silico predictions suggested that thuricin H lacks hemolytic activity, which was validated in vitro using 4 × the MIC, i.e., 20 μg/ml. Our data lay a foundation for the potential safe use of thurincin H as an antibacterial peptide for medical use, in food products, and for expression in probiotic bacteria.

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Data Availability

All raw data for the statements presented here are available from the authors TOR, JEBC at the University of Guanajuato, México.

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Funding

This research was partially supported to J.E. B-C by project 042/2021 from the “Universidad de Guanajuato, México.” Tomás Ortiz-Rodríguez, Fernanda Mendoza-Acosta, and Sheila A. Martínez-Zavala are doctoral students in the graduate program in BioSciences of the University of Guanajuato (UG), Mexico, and they are supported by a scholarship from CONACyT. L.E. C.-V is an Associate Researcher supported by Grant 2069 from Cátedras-CONACYT, México.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado en Biociencias, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, México

    Tomás Ortiz-Rodríguez, Fernanda Mendoza-Acosta, Sheila A. Martínez-Zavala, Rubén Salcedo-Hernández, Luz E. Casados-Vázquez & José E. Barboza-Corona

  2. Departamento de Alimentos, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, México

    Rubén Salcedo-Hernández, Luz E. Casados-Vázquez & José E. Barboza-Corona

  3. CONACYT- Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, México

    Luz E. Casados-Vázquez

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA

    Dennis K. Bideshi

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  1. Tomás Ortiz-Rodríguez
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Ortiz-Rodríguez, T., Mendoza-Acosta, F., Martínez-Zavala, S.A. et al. Thurincin H Is a Nonhemolytic Bacteriocin of Bacillus thuringiensis with Potential for Applied Use. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 955–966 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09952-2

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