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Screening of Lactic Acid Bacterial Strains with Antiviral Activity Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

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Abstract

Newly emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases cause significant economic losses in swine production. Efficacious vaccines have not yet been developed for several major swine infectious diseases, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). We used the PEDV-infected Vero cell model to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with antiviral activity. Sixty LAB strains were isolated from the feces of nursing piglets. After the elimination of LAB strains with high cytotoxicity to Vero cells, the protective effects of the remaining 6 strains against PEDV infection were determined. Vero cells pretreated with the intracellular extracts or cell wall fractions of YM22 and YM33 strains for 24 h before infection with PEDV showed significantly higher cell viabilities and lower mRNA expression of PEDV nucleocapsid (PEDV-N) than the unpretreated cells, indicating that the intracellular extracts and cell wall fractions of YM22 and YM33 possessed prophylactic effects on Vero cells against PEDV infection. PEDV-infection significantly increased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Vero cells. However, pretreatment of Vero cells with the cell wall fractions of YM22 and YM33 decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8, which could be a mechanism associated with the protective effects of YM22 and YM33 against PEDV. Based on the biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, YM22 and YM33 were identified as Ligilactobacillus agilis (basonym: Lactobacillus agilis) and Ligilactobacillus salivarius (basonym: Lactobacillus salivarius), respectively. These findings suggest that L. agilis YM22 and L. salivarius YM33 could provide some levels of protective effects against PEDV infections.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (grant nos. MOST 110–2313-B-002–052-MY2 and MOST 109–2321-B-002–055) and Academia Sinica (grant nos. AS-KPQ-108-ITAR-TD03 and AS-KPQ-109-ITAR-TD03).

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Author notes

  1. Yang-Ming Chen and Aniket Limaye contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Yang-Ming Chen, Aniket Limaye & Je-Ruei Liu

  2. School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Hui-Wen Chang

  3. Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Je-Ruei Liu

  4. Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Je-Ruei Liu

  5. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Je-Ruei Liu

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  1. Yang-Ming Chen
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Je-Ruei Liu, Yang-Ming Chen, Hui-Wen Chang. Methodology: Je-Ruei Liu, Yang-Ming Chen, Hui-Wen Chang. Software: Je-Ruei Liu, Yang-Ming Chen, Aniket Limaye. Validation: Je-Ruei Liu, Yang-Ming Chen, Aniket Limaye. Formal analysis: Yang-Ming Chen. Investigation: Je-Ruei Liu, Yang-Ming Chen. Resources: Je-Ruei Liu, Yang-Ming Chen, and Hui-Wen Chang. Data curation: Yang-Ming Chen. Writing — original draft: Yang-Ming Chen, Aniket Limaye. Writing — review and editing: Aniket Limaye, Je-Ruei Liu. Visualization: Yang-Ming Chen. Supervision: Je-Ruei Liu. Project administration: Je-Ruei Liu. Funding acquisition: Je-Ruei Liu.

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Correspondence to Je-Ruei Liu.

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Chen, YM., Limaye, A., Chang, HW. et al. Screening of Lactic Acid Bacterial Strains with Antiviral Activity Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 14, 546–559 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09829-w

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