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Effects of Synbiotic2000™ Forte on the Intestinal Motility and Interstitial Cells of Cajal in TBI Mouse Model

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Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Synbiotic2000™ Forte on the intestinal motility and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model. Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group), enteral nutrition group with TBI (E group), and Synbiotic2000™ Forte group with TBI (P group). The contractile activity of the intestinal smooth muscle, densities and ultrastructure of the ICC, kit protein concentration, weight, and defecation of mice were monitored and analyzed. TBI markedly suppressed contractile activity of the intestinal smooth muscle (P < 0.01), which led to a reduction of defecation (P < 0.01) and weight (P < 0.01). However, application of Synbiotic2000™ Forte significantly improved contractile activity of the small intestine (P < 0.01), which may be related to protective effects to the interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, and enteric neurons. TBI impaired ICC networks and densities (P < 0.01), events that were protected by the application of Synbiotic2000™ Forte. Synbiotic2000™ Forte may attenuate TBI-mediated inhibition of the kit protein pathway. Synbiotic2000™ Forte may improve intestinal motility and protect the ICC in the TBI mouse. These findings provide a novel support for the application of Synbiotic2000™ Forte in intestinal motility disturbance after TBI.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to associate professor Feng Mei from the Third Military Medical University, China, who provided experimental instruction and the others who gave selfless assistance to the experiments. We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81272079).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China

    Limei Zhang & Jing Zeng

  2. School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China

    Limei Zhang, Yuanyuan Ma, Min Tan, Min Zhou, Huan Fang & Jingci Zhu

  3. Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, E16 2SE, UK

    Stig Bengmark

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  1. Limei Zhang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Stig Bengmark or Jingci Zhu.

Ethics declarations

All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All animal surgeries were performed under chloral hydrate anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee and were in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the care and use of animals.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Additional information

Limei Zhang and Jing Zeng contributed equally to this work.

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Zhang, L., Zeng, J., Ma, Y. et al. Effects of Synbiotic2000™ Forte on the Intestinal Motility and Interstitial Cells of Cajal in TBI Mouse Model. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 9, 172–181 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9266-x

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