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Temperature-dependent development of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its stage transition models

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Abstract

The black cut worm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) is a destructive crop pest worldwide and a typical cut worm damaging plant parts below the soil surface, which requires a thorough phenological prediction of the target stage for proper management. Temperature is an essential factor affecting the phenology and dynamics of insect populations. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the temperature-dependent development of A. ipsilon fed on Kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris) in a wide range of temperatures (10 to 40 ℃) in the laboratory. The linear and nonlinear relationship between temperature and development rate (1/development time) was analyzed. The lower threshold temperatures (LT) for eggs, larvae, and pupae were estimated to be 12.1 °C, 9.6 °C, and 11.2 °C, respectively, with thermal constants (degree days for development completion) of 31.3, 342.2, and 181.3 DD at each stage, respectively. Additionally, the thermal constant for tracking the phenology of each stage was determined using a common LT of 10.4 ℃: 40.3 DD for eggs, 315.6 DD for larvae, and 199.6 DD for pupae. Consequently, we provided newly the stage transition models for all stages of A. ipsilon using two basic components of the nonlinear development rate and distribution models to simulate the proportion of individuals shifted from one stage to the next stage. These models in their current form will be useful for constructing a population model for A. ipsilon in the future. Furthermore, the variation in the development time of A. ipsilon reported in previous studies was discussed using 95% confidence limits of the estimated line of our nonlinear models.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Additionally, we are grateful to the Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI) in Jeju National University for providing experimental facilities. We greatly appreciate two anonymous Reviewers and Editor for the valuable comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This work was carried out with the support of the "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ016245)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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  1. Young Su Lee and Hee-A Lee contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Agriculture Research, Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea

    Young Su Lee & Hee-A Lee

  2. Department of Plant Midicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea

    Hee-A Lee & Gil-Hah Kim

  3. Majors in Plant Resource Sciences & Environment, College of Applied Life Sciences (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City, Republic of Korea

    Soo-Bin Kim & Dong-Soon Kim

  4. The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Republic of Korea

    Dong-Soon Kim

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The research was originally designed by Young Su Lee and Gil-Hah Kim. Material preparation and experiments were performed by Hee-A Lee and Young Su Lee. The data analysis was conducted by Soo-Bin Kim and Dong-Soon Kim. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dong-Soon Kim, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Lee, Y.S., Lee, HA., Kim, GH. et al. Temperature-dependent development of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its stage transition models. Phytoparasitica 51, 199–214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-023-01049-y

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