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Target and non-target beetles in semiochemical-baited cross vane funnel traps used in monitoring Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN) vectors in pine stands

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Abstract

In 2007–2012 we assessed dendrobiotic insects at three locations in stands of Pinus nigra, Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris in Slovenia. The samples were collected from May to November using four (three in 2007) cross vane funnel traps per location with wet collecting cups and attractants. In 2007 we used ethanol+α-pinene, and from 2008 to 2010, ethanol+α-pinene, Pheroprax® (ipsdienol, cis-verbenol, 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol) and Gallowit® (ipsdienol CAS 14434-41-4, ipsenol CAS 60894-96-4, DMWK CAS 115-18-4, cis-verbenol CAS 18881-04-4, α-pinene CAS 80-56-8, ethanol CAS 64-17-5) were used with traps 1.5 m above the ground. In 2011–2012 ethanol+α-pinene and Galloprotect 2D® (Galloprotect F: an aggregation pheromone [2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol] and Galloprotect A: kairomonal substances [ipsenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-1-ol]) were used with traps in the lower canopy. We collected 31,228 individuals from 45 beetle families. Curculinidae (Scolytinae, 23,325) were the most numerous, and the target family Cerambycidae was represented with 1945 specimens from 28 taxa and 25 species. In 2007 Spondylis buprestoides was by far the most abundant species. In 2008–2010 ethanol+α-pinene more effectively attracted S. buprestoides and A. rusticus, whereas Monochamus galloprovincialis showed a clear preference for Gallowit®. In 2011–2012 Galloprotect 2D® attracted significantly more cerambycids than ethanol+α-pinene, and M. galloprovincialis was by far the most numerous species. In addition to cerambycids, other saproxylic beetle species and also scolytine predators (mostly Cleridae, Histeridae, Trogossitidae) were found in the traps, highlighting the need to consider the potential negative impacts of the long-term monitoring of PWN vectors on species with important functional-trophic traits in forests.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support was provided by the Slovenian Research Agency, the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia through the research programs P4-0059 and P4-0107 and research projects L4-9585, V4-0493, L4-985-040-06 and EUPHRESCO II-Focusing on Monochamus spp. and insect vectors of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (MONOCHAMUS).

Author Contributions

The initial ideas and financing of the research: Maja Jurc; data compilation and evaluation: all authors; manuscript drafting: Maja Jurc and Tine Hauptman; the majority of taxonomic work: Roman Pavlin; all authors contributed to the process of acquiring successive drafts.

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  1. Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Maja Jurc, Tine Hauptman, Roman Pavlin & Danijel Borkovič

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  1. Maja Jurc
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Jurc, M., Hauptman, T., Pavlin, R. et al. Target and non-target beetles in semiochemical-baited cross vane funnel traps used in monitoring Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN) vectors in pine stands. Phytoparasitica 44, 151–164 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-016-0515-4

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