Abstract
This research paper presents a novel high bit rate and spectral efficient 20 Gb/s mode division multiplexed (MDM) radio over free space optical communication (MDM-RoFSO) system. 10 Gb/s MZM/QAM-16-modulated data streams, each from two distinct channels, are transported over two spiral-phased Hermite–Gaussian (HG) laser modes, HG00 and HG01, respectively. These two HG channels are multiplexed using MDM at a 10 GHz RF signal, amplified and transmitted over the atmospheric link at an optical wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed MDM-RoFSO system is simulated for MZM modulation over two distinct HG modes in clear sky, dense haze, dense fog, and strong rain weather conditions. The performance of the system is evaluated using performance metrics such as BER, eye diagram, Q factor, and link transmission range. The simulation results show that the HG00 mode is more robust and the extended transmission range is achieved from (7 to 24.4) km for (24.4 to 2.98) Q factor for clear sky to strong rain conditions. This transmission range is further extended by the factor of (2.9 to 1.7) km when the QAM-16 modulation is incorporated in composite (HG00 + HG01) mode and then transmitted in similar weather conditions for the acceptable BER of < 10–5. Finally, the simulation results confirm that the QAM-16 modulated composite HG mode is able to mitigate the atmospheric weather conditions and travel a longer transmission distance compared to individual HG mode transmission.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
References
R. Ramirez, M. Idrus, Z. Sun, Optical wireless communications: IR for wireless connectivity (Auerbach Publications, Boca Raton, 2019), p.376
A. Amphawan, S. Chaudhary, Z. Ghassemlooy, T. Neo, 2×2-channel mode-wavelength division multiplexing in Ro-FSO system with PCF mode group demultiplexers and equalizers. Opt. Comm. 467, 125539 (2020)
S. Chaudhary, A. Amphawan, The role and challenges of free-space optical systems. J. Opt. Commun. 35(4), 327–334 (2014)
D.K. Borah, D.G. Voelz, Pointing error effects on free-space optical communication links in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. J. Lightwave Tech. 27(18), 3965–3973 (2009)
V. Nguyen, T.V. Pham, N.T. Dang, A.T. Pham, Performance of generalized QAM/FSO systems with pointing misalignment and phase error over atmospheric turbulence channels. IEEE Access 8, 203631–203644 (2020)
A. Shahidinejad, I.S. Amiri, T. Anwar, Enhancement of indoor wavelength division multiplexing-based optical wireless communication using microring resonator. Rev. Theor. Sci. 2(3), 201–210 (2014)
S.O. Arik, J.M. Kahn, K.P. Ho, MIMO signal processing for mode-division multiplexing, an overview of channel models and signal processing architectures. IEEE Signal Proc. Mag. 31(2), 25–34 (2014)
A. Amphawan, B. Nedniyom, N.M.A. Al Samman, Selective excitation of LP01 mode in multimode fiber using solid-core photonic crystal fiber. J. Mod. Opt. 60(20), 1675–1683 (2013)
M.A. Esmail, H. Fathallah, M.S. Alouini, Effect of dust storms on FSO communications links, in 4th international conference on control engineering & information technology (CEIT), Hammamet, Tunisia (2016)
A.A. Dwadoodi et al., Investigation of 8x5 Gb/s mode division multiplexing-FSO system under different weather conditions. J. Eng. Sci. Tech. 14(2), 674–681 (2019)
S. Magidi, T. Pondani, Estimating the performance of free space optical communication in rain weather conditions using various models and modified duobinary return to zero technique. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. A Phys. Sci. 92, 265–272 (2022)
H. Singh, N. Mittal, R. Miglani, A. K. Majumdar, Mode division multiplexing (MDM) based hybrid PON-FSO system for last-mile connectivity, in Third south American colloquium on visible light communications (SACVLC), pp. 01–06 (2021)
A. Abdullah, A. Angela, F. Yousef, Mitigation of atmospheric turbulences using mode division multiplexing based on decision feedback equalizer for free space optics. J. opt. commun. 41(2), 185–193 (2020)
M.A. Cox, L. Maqondo, R. Kara, G. Milione, L. Cheng, A. Forbes, The resilience of Hermite– and Laguerre-Gaussian modes in turbulence. J. Lightwave Tech. 37(16), 3911–3917 (2019)
M.Y. Wani, H. Pathak, K. Kaur, A. Kumar, Free space optical communication system under different weather conditions. J. Opt. Comm. (2019)
S.C. Chu, Y.T. Chen, K.F. Tsai, K. Otsuka, Generation of high-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in end-pumped solid-state lasers for square vortex array laser beam generation. Opt. Publ. Gr. 20(7), 7128–7141 (2012)
E.G. Johnson, J. Stack, C. Koehler, Light coupling by a vortex lens into graded index fiber. J. Lightwave Tech. 19(5), 753 (2001)
M. Li, J. Ling, Y. He, Lithium niobate photonic-crystal electro-optic modulator. Nat. Commun. 11, 4123 (2020)
A. Thakur, S. Nagpal, Performance evaluation of different optical amplifiers in spectrum sliced free space optical link. J. Opt. Commun. 41(1), 9–14 (2019)
O. Kharraz, D. Forsyth, Performance comparisons between PIN and APD photodetectors for use in optical communication systems. Optik (Stuttg) 124, 1493–1498 (2013)
Z. Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, S. Rajbhandari, Optical wireless communications: system and channel modelling with MATLAB. (CRC Press, 2013)
S. Bloom, E. Korevaar, J. Schuster, H. Willebrand, Understanding the performance of free-space optics. J. Opt. Netw. 2, 178–200 (2003)
C.F. Bohren, D.R. Huffman, Absorption and scattering of light by small particles (A Wiley-Interscience publication, Germany, 1998)
S. Ishii, S. Sayama, Rain attenuation at terahertz. Wirel. Eng. Technol. 1(2), 92–95 (2010)
R. Baiwa, P. Verma, Performance analysis of FSO system for advanced modulation formats under different weather conditions, in Second international conference on intelligent computing and control systems (ICICCS), pp 1490–1495 (2018)
A.K. Rahman et al., Impact of rain weather over free space optic communication transmission. Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. 14(1), 303–310 (2019)
J.S. Marshall, W.M. Palmer, The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteorol. 5(4), 165–166 (2021)
Funding
No financial funding for this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to simulation, concept, writing, and review.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Not applicable.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sinha, S., Kumar, C. Performance investigation of 2 × 20 Gb/s MDM-RoFSO link incorporating spiral-phased Hermite–Gaussian modes under strong weather conditions. J Opt 52, 1962–1975 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-01051-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-01051-3