Abstract
In this paper, a coated cladding-reduced superimposed long period fiber grating and fiber Bragg grating structure (SLBG) is proposed, which could measure three parameters, strain, temperature and surrounding refractive index (SRI), simultaneously. Firstly, the mode-coupling behaviors in the structure is determined according to the phase matching conditions, and thus the coupled-mode equations of the structure is given by coupled-mode theory. Then, the simulated transmission spectrum shows three attenuation peaks generated by the coupling between forward core mode with forward cladding modes, the backward core mode and backward cladding modes respectively. To make demodulation more convenient and accurate, the structure is optimized. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved by reducing the attenuation peak amplitude based on the corroded cladding, and the sensitivity is enhanced based on mode barrier effect caused by high refractive index film. After the optimization, the simulation results of the response of the three transmission peaks to three parameters show good performance in both sensitivity and linearity (all larger than 0.999). The maximum sensitivities of three transmission peaks to strain, temperature, and SRI are 3.15 pm/με, 817.6 pm/°C, and − 3472 nm/RIU, respectively. Finally, the condition number of the parametric demodulation matrix is 6.0046, indicating the inversion of the resonant wavelength offset has high precision. This paper provides reliable theoretical guidance for the design of superimposed fiber grating structure, and the proposed structure can be applied to submarine communication optical fiber monitoring.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F.L. Wu, J. Xu, X.L. Zheng, Research and application of optical fiber sensing technology in the submarine cable monitoring. Electr. Power Inf. Commun. Technol. 14, 72–76 (2016)
G. Yilmaz, S.E. Karlik, A distributed optical fiber sensor for temperature detection in power cables. Sens. Actuators A 125, 148–155 (2006)
Q. Jiang, Q. Sui, Technological study on distributed fiber sensor monitoring of high voltage power cable in seafloor, in 2009 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (2009), pp. 1154–1157
V. Garcia-Muoz, C. Caucheteur, S. Bette, Reduction of polarization related effects in superimposed fiber Bragg gratings. Appl. Opt. 48, 1635 (2009)
E. Marin, L. Robert, S. Triollet, Liquid Resin Infusion process monitoring with superimposed Fibre Bragg Grating sensor. Polym. Test. 31, 1045–1052 (2012)
H.J. Patrick, S.T. Vohra, Fiber Bragg grating with long-period fiber grating superstructure for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement. Proc. Spie 3483, 264–267 (1998)
S. Triollet, L. Robert, E. Marin, Superimposed long period and short period Bragg grating sensor for LRI monitoring. Proc. Spie 7503, 75035L–1 (2009)
G.E. Silva, P. Caldas, J.C. Santos, Optical fiber refractive index sensor with reduced thermal sensitivity based on Superimposed Long-Period Gratings. Proc. Spie 9157, 91571S–1 (2014)
B. Pang, Z. Gu, Q. Ling, Simultaneous measurement of temperature and surrounding refractive index by superimposed coated long period fiber grating and fiber Bragg grating sensor based on mode barrier region. Optik 220, 165136 (2020)
K.S. Lee, T. Erdogan, Fiber mode coupling in transmissive and reflective tilted fiber gratings. Appl. Opt 39, 1394–1404 (2000)
T. Erdogan, Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1760–1773 (1997)
H. Kogelnik, Theory of optical waveguides, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 7–88 (1988)
T. Erdogan, Fiber grating spectra. J. Lightw. Technol. 15, 1277–1294 (1997)
F. Abrishamian, Y. Nakai, S. Sato, An efficient approach for calculating the reflection and transmission spectra of fiber Bragg gratings with acoustically induced microbending. Opt. Fiber Technol. 13, 32–38 (2007)
P.S. Reddy, R.S. Prasad, D.S. Gupta, A simple FBG sensor for strain – temperature discrimination. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 53, 1021–1024 (2011)
Z. Zhang, C. Wang, Axial strain characteristics of long period fiber gratings. Chin. J. Sens. Actuators 20, 1003–1006 (2007)
D. Krevelen, P. Hoftyzer, Properties of polymer, their estimation and correlation with chemical structure. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed. 15, 56 (1976)
Z.J. Zhang, W.K. Shi, K. Gao, Thermo-optic coefficient and temperature sensitivity of long-period fiber gratings. Opt. Technol. 30, 525–528 (2004)
D.N. Nikogosyan, Properties of Optical and Laser-Related Materials (Wiley, New York, 1997), p. 390
H. Zhang, B.H. Wang, Measuring the change of the index of refraction of liquid varying with temperatures. Coll. Phys. Exp. 11, 1–3 (1998)
X.P. Zheng, Y.B. Liao, A method to enhance the accuracy fiber-optic sensor for two-parameter simultaneous measurement. Acta Opt. Sin. 18, 357–360 (1998)
Q. Ling, Z. Gu, Simultaneous detection of SRI and temperature with a FM-LPFG sensor based on dual-peak resonance. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 36, 2210 (2019)
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, J., Gu, Z. Three-parameter high-precision sensor based on superimposed cladding-reduced coated long-period fiber grating and fiber Bragg grating. J Opt 51, 726–735 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-021-00812-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-021-00812-w