Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

All-optical TOAD-based Manchester and Gold code generators

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Optics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Spread spectrum is a modulation technique where the signal occupies a bandwidth much larger than the minimum necessary to send the information. An all-optical Manchester and Gold code generators are implemented using terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer-based D flip-flop and exclusive-OR logic gates in a configuration exactly like the standard electronic setup. The all-optical nonreturnable zero-to-Manchester conversion is implemented in our simulation system, and bit error rate performance (10 Gbit/s) of the format conversion is explained. Transmission performances of the converted Manchester-coded signal are addressed with the transmission length and received optical power. The proposed Manchester and Gold code generators scheme has been theoretically demonstrated in this paper. We are assigned distinguishable unique codes with low cross-correlation values among each other in multiuser environment. The Gold sequences are an important class of sequences which allow construction of long sequences with three-valued cross-correlation function. The Gold sequences are created from pairs of preferred m-sequences of the same length by modulo-2 addition. The performances of those proposed optical designs are evaluated by numerical simulation that confirms its feasibility in terms of the choice of the critical parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G.W. Wornell, Spread-signature CDMA: efficient multi-user communication in the presence of fading. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 41(5), 1418–1438 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. S.P. Maity, M. Mukherrjee, On optimization of CI/MC-CDMA system. in 20th IEEE Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Symposium (Japan, 2009), pp. 3203–3207

  3. B.M. Popovic, Spreading sequences for multicarrier CDMA systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 47(5), 918–925 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.P. Sokoloff, P.R. Prucnal, I. Glesk, M. Kane, A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD). IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5(7), 787–790 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Zhang, Y. Zhao, L. Wang, J. Wang, P. Ye, Design and analysis of all-optical XOR gate using SOA-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Commun. 223, 301–308 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. K.E. Zoiros, M.K. Das, D.K. Gayen, H.K. Maity, T. Chattopadhyay, J.N. Roy, All-optical pseudorandom binary sequence generator with TOAD-based D flip-flops. Opt. Commun. 284, 4279–4306 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D.K. Gayen, J.N. Roy, All-optical arithmetic unit with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) based tree architecture. Appl. Opt. 47(7), 933–943 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Chattopadhyay, All-optical terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) based binary comparator: a proposal. J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 18(3), 471–480 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. G.K. Maity, T. Chattopadhyay, D.K. Gayen, C. Taraphdar, A.K. Maity, S.P. Maity, J.N. Roy, All-optical binary flip-flop with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer. Nat. Comput. (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/511047-009-9162-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J.N. Roy, G.K. Maity, D. Gayen, T. Chattopadhyay, Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer based tree-net architecture for alloptical conversion scheme from binary to its other 2n radix based form. Chin. Opt. Lett. 6(7), 536–540 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J.N. Roy, D.K. Gayen, Integrated all-optical logic and arithmetic operations with the help of TOAD based interferometer device– alternative approach. Appl. Opt. 46(22), 5304–5310 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. K.E. Zoiros, R. Chasiotia, C.S. Koukourlisb, T. Houbavlisa, On the output characteristics of a semiconductor optical amplifier driven by an ultrafast optical time division multiplexing pulse train. Optik 118, 134–146 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. A.K. Mandal, S. Samanta, G.K. Maity, TOAD-based all-optical reversible new multiplexer.in Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits & Systems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 335 (Springer, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2274-3_48

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. A.K. Mandal, G.K. Maity, An all-optical new universal gate using Mach-Zehnder interferometer. in 2014 IEEE, Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (ICCICN 2014), 978-1-4799-6929-6/14, (2014), pp. 1044–1048

  15. G.K. Maity, A.K. Mandal, N.B. Manik, J.D. White, All-optical TOAD based new binary sequence generator. Opt. Quant. Electron. 48, 329 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ashis Kumar Mandal, Full-optical TOAD based Walsh-Hadamard code generation. Opt. Quant. Electron. 49, 290 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G.K. Maity, S.P. Maity, J.N. Roy, All-optical manchester code generator using TOAD-based D flip-flop. in 2012 International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS) (2012), pp.480–482

  18. G.K. Maity, S.P. Maity, J.N. Roy, TOAD-based all-optical gold code generator. in 2012 International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS) (2012), pp. 523–527

  19. Z.Y. Shen, L.L. Wu, Reconfigurable optical logic unit with a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer and electro-optic switches. Appl. Opt. 47(21), 3737–3742 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Y.J. Jung, S. Lee, N. Park, All-optical 4-bit gray code to binary coded decimal converter. Opt. Compon. Mater. Proc. SPIE 6890, 68900S (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Science, Chakur Haris Seminary High School, Howrah, West Bengal, India

    Ashis Kumar Mandal

Authors
  1. Ashis Kumar Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashis Kumar Mandal.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mandal, A.K. All-optical TOAD-based Manchester and Gold code generators. J Opt 48, 442–451 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-019-00557-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-019-00557-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation