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Capillary penetration of highly volatile liquids in a paper strip: an experimental study on wicking, evaporation, and condensation

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Abstract

The wicking phenomenon has gained more interest in research due to its vast applications in electronic cooling, spacecraft, etc. In this work, we aim to comprehend the impact of phase change due to evaporation on surface tension driven wicking in a model porous media. An experimental investigation of evaporation of highly volatile liquids (n-Pentane, Acetone, and Ethanol) was carried out on a thin and flat rectangular filter paper of varying average pore sizes ranging between 2.5 and 30 μm. This study presents transient as well as steady state behavior of liquids rising on vertical porous strips exposed to the ambient laboratory conditions. A novel aspect of this study is to determine the capillary penetration and simultaneous evaporation. For this purpose, surface temperature is measured using an infrared camera. It was observed that the lower the latent heat of vaporization, the higher the rate of evaporation and the lower the surface temperature. The influence of evaporation on wicking also depends on the average pore size of the porous media. This study finds its relevance in electronic cooling devices and thermal management.

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Abbreviations

APS:

Averaged pore size

CFP:

Coffee filter paper

FP:

Filter paper

LHV:

Latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg)

ΔT d :

Temperature difference between and Td,max and Tw,min

ΔT W :

Temperature difference between Tw,max and Tw,min

λ :

LHV (kJ/kg)

L c :

Steady state wet length of the liquid, (m)

NDL:

Non-dimensional length

NTP:

Normal temperature and pressure

NDT:

Non-dimensional temperature

T d,max :

Maximum temperature in the dry region of the paper

T w,max :

Maximum temperature in the wet region of the paper

T w,min :

Minimum temperature in the wet region of the paper

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Acknowledgements

The experiments were conducted in the Thermal and Natural Phenomenon Laboratory at the Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu. We thank Dr. Gaurav A. Bhaduri, Dr. Badri N. Subudhi, and Mr. Neeraj Kumar for providing their consent to use the resources in their respective laboratories at IIT Jammu.

Funding

The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support provided under SEED grant by IIT Jammu and SRG/2022/000680 by SERB, DST (GoI).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India

    Srirama Chandra Murthy Rampally, Arihant Jain & Navneet Kumar

Authors
  1. Srirama Chandra Murthy Rampally
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  2. Arihant Jain
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  3. Navneet Kumar
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study concept and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by AJ, RS, and NK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RS and all authors commented on later versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Srirama Chandra Murthy Rampally.

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Rampally, S.C.M., Jain, A. & Kumar, N. Capillary penetration of highly volatile liquids in a paper strip: an experimental study on wicking, evaporation, and condensation. Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math 15, 115–122 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12572-023-00339-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12572-023-00339-2

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