Abstract
The horizontal distributions of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the surface sediments where complex aquaculture is conducted in Shido Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, were determined to investigate the impact of fish and oyster farming. We also determined five fractions of phosphorus in the surface sediments. Relatively high phosphorus contents (P/C ratios) were observed in fish farming areas, likely due to the waste feed and fecal matter. Moreover, relatively high abundances of the Ca-bound P (Ca-P) and detrital P (Ref-P) fractions were observed in fish farming areas, likely due to bones of small fish used as feed. Our results strongly suggest that the P/C ratio and the Ca-P and Ref-P fractions in the surface sediments are good indicators of the effects of fish farming and allow its characterization, and are particularly valuable in the area of complex aquaculture.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Mr. Koji Kishimoto of the Aji Marine Station, Seto Inland Sea Regional Research Center, Kagawa University, for ensuring successful field observations. We are grateful to Mr. Toshinari Obo, Mr. Syunji Kagiya, and Mr. Daichi Suga for their help in this study. We also thank Dr. Munenori Fujiwara, Fisheries Division, Kagawa Prefectural Government, for providing the information on fisheries in Shido Bay. Our gratitude is extended to all members of the Laboratory of Marine Sciences, Kagawa University. The authors would like to thank Dr. Masahiro Suzumura and Dr. Ayumi Tsukasaki, Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), for their useful suggestions on the measurement of the five different geochemical phosphorus forms. Finally, we thank an old friend, Mr. Brian Bigler, formerly of the Washington State Department of Transportation Environmental Services, for reading this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. This research is partly supported by the Kagawa University Research Promotion Program 2022 (grant number 22K1B002).
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Tada, K., Nakakuni, M., Koomklang, J. et al. The impact of fish farming on phosphorus loading of surface sediment in coastal complex aquaculture. Fish Sci 89, 375–386 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-022-01666-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-022-01666-2