Abstract
This study assessed the sources of contamination of water matrices in a rural area using detection of a host-specific virus (human adenovirus [HAdV], porcine adenovirus [PAdV] and bovine polyomaviruses [BoPyV]) as potential microbial source-tracking tool, and rotavirus A [RVA], given its epidemiological importance in Brazil. From July 2017 to June 2018, 92 samples were collected from eight points (P1-P8) of surface and raw waters in southeastern region of Brazil. Fifty-five (59.8%) were positive for HAdV, 41 (44.5%) for RVA, 10 (10.9%) for PAdV and four (4.3%) for BoPyV. HAdV and RVA were detected at all sites, and over the entire sampling period, PAdV was detected at a porcine breeding area and at Guarda River site, presenting high concentrations up to 2.6 × 109 genome copies per liter [GC/L], and viral concentrations ranging from 9.6 × 101 to 7.1 × 107, while BoPyV (1.5 × 104 GC/L–9.2 × 105 GC/L) was only detected in samples from the bovine breeding areas. The combination of human and animal virus circulation presents a potential impact in the environment due to raw sewage discharge from regional communities, as well as potential hazard to human and animal health.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Nucleotide sequences are available in GenBank database under the deposited numbers cited within the manuscript.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Carmen Baur Vieira, Ph.D for contributions to manuscript revision.
Funding
This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—Faperj (E-26/202.821/2018), PAEF 2–Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq). M.P.M and T.M.F are CNPq fellows (National Council of Technological and Scientific Development). FTM is a Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) fellow (grant n. 202.796/2019—Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado, TMF). This research study is under the scope of the activities of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) as a collaborating center of PAHO/WHO of Public and Environmental Health.
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DRLS: performed sampling, qualitative PCR experiments, formal analysis of data, writing and revision of original manuscript draft. MSS: performed sampling, genome sequence analysis and revision of manuscript. TMF: performed statistical analysis and reviewed the manuscript. AGM: performed Q-PCR experiments. FCM: performed Q-PCR results analysis and data setting. FCF and MMP: performed samples concentration experiments. MPM: conceived, supervised the project, and reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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dos Santos, D.R.L., Silva-Sales, M., Fumian, T.M. et al. Investigation of Human and Animal Viruses in Water Matrices from a Rural Area in Southeastern Region of Brazil and Their Potential Use as Microbial Source-Tracking Markers. Food Environ Virol 15, 21–31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-022-09544-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-022-09544-x