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Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in French Polynesian Wastewaters, Environmental Waters and Giant Clams

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Abstract

Lack of wastewater treatment efficiency causes receiving seawaters and bivalve molluscan shellfish to become contaminated, which can lead to public health issues. Six wastewater samples, five seawater samples and three batches of giant clams from Tahiti (French Polynesia) were investigated for the presence of enteric viruses, but also if present, for the diversity, infectivity and integrity of human adenoviruses (HAdV). Enteroviruses (EV), sapoviruses (SaV) and human polyomaviruses (HPyV) were detected in all wastewater samples. In decreasing frequency, noroviruses (NoV) GII and HAdV, rotaviruses (RoV), astroviruses (AsV), NoV GI and finally hepatitis E viruses (HEV) were also observed. Nine types of infectious HAdV were identified. HPyV and EV were found in 80% of seawater samples, NoV GII in 60%, HAdV and SaV in 40% and AsV and RoV in 20%. NoV GI and HEV were not detected in seawater. Intact and infectious HAdV-41 were detected in one of the two seawater samples that gave a positive qPCR result. Hepatitis A viruses were never detected in any water types. Analysis of transcriptomic data from giant clams revealed homologues of fucosyltransferases (FUT genes) involved in ligand biosynthesis that strongly bind to certain NoV strains, supporting the giant clams ability to bioaccumulate NoV. This was confirmed by the presence of NoV GII in one of the three batches of giant clams placed in a contaminated marine area. Overall, all sample types were positive for at least one type of virus, some of which were infectious and therefore likely to cause public health concerns.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been undertaken as part of a research project co-funded by the Pacific Fund of the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, project No. 07 / 2015. The authors want to thank the Embassy of France in New Zealand, Stéphane Lastère (Centre Hospitalier de Polynésie française—CHPf) as well Maréva Vigneron and Glenda Melix (Centre d’Hygiène et de Salubrité Publique—CHSP) for advice on study site selection and water samplings. Special thanks to Joanne Hewitt (Institute of Environmental Science and Research—ESR) for her valuable assistance and Cécile Walczak and Delphine Collard (Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology—LIST) for their precious and excellent technical assistance. Joanne Hewitt and Pradip Gyawali (Institute of Environmental Science and Research—ESR) are also acknowledged for their critical review of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Enteric, Environmental and Food Virology Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Kenepuru Science Centre, PO BOX 50-348, Porirua, 5240, New Zealand

    Laetitia Kaas & Jérémie Langlet

  2. Department of Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg

    Leslie Ogorzaly & Henry-Michel Cauchie

  3. PSL CRIOBE USR3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Labex CORAIL, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia

    Gaël Lecellier & Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier

  4. Département de Biologie, Université de Paris Saclay UVSQ, 45 Ave des Etats-Unis, 78000, Versailles, France

    Gaël Lecellier

  5. UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, Labex CORAIL, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia, France

    Gaël Lecellier & Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier

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  1. Laetitia Kaas
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Kaas, L., Ogorzaly, L., Lecellier, G. et al. Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in French Polynesian Wastewaters, Environmental Waters and Giant Clams. Food Environ Virol 11, 52–64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-018-9358-0

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