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Comparative Virucidal Efficacy of Seven Disinfectants Against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus, Surrogates of Human Norovirus

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Abstract

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and can be transmitted either by person-to-person contact or by consumption of contaminated food. A knowledge of an efficient disinfection for both hands and food-contact surfaces is helpful for the food sector and provides precious information for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seven disinfectants belonging to different groups of biocides (alcohol, halogen, oxidizing agents, quaternary ammonium compounds, aldehyde and biguanide) on infectious viral titre and on genomic copy number. Due to the absence of a cell culture system for HuNoV, two HuNoV surrogates, such as murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, were used and the tests were performed in suspension, on gloves and on stainless steel discs. When, as criteria of efficacy, a log reduction >3 of the infectious viral titre on both surrogates and in the three tests is used, the most efficacious disinfectants in this study appear to be biocidal products B, C and D, representing the halogens, the oxidizing agents group and a mix of QAC, alcohol and aldehyde, respectively. In addition, these three disinfectants also elicited a significant effect on genomic copy number for both surrogate viruses and in all three tests. The results of this study demonstrate that a halogen compound, oxidizing agents and a mix of QAC, alcohol and aldehyde are advisable for HuNoV disinfection of either potentially contaminated surfaces or materials in contact with foodstuffs.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professor Herbert Virgin and Dr. Larissa Thackray (Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA) for providing the MNV isolates and RAW 264.7 cells; Dr. Elisabeth Mathijs and Lorène Dams for their help with MNV and FCV cell cultures, respectively and Dr. Louisa Ludwig and Dr. Léa Morvan for the careful English proofreading of the manuscript. This project was funded by the Federal Public Service (FPS) Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, in Belgium (RT 10/6 TRAVIFOOD) and by the research funds of the University of Liège. The biocides (except the biocide A) were kindly provided by the Cid Lines company (Ieper, Belgium).

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  1. Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    William Zonta, Axel Mauroy & Etienne Thiry

  2. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Applied to Veterinary Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Frederic Farnir

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Zonta, W., Mauroy, A., Farnir, F. et al. Comparative Virucidal Efficacy of Seven Disinfectants Against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus, Surrogates of Human Norovirus. Food Environ Virol 8, 1–12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-015-9216-2

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