Abstract
A new event-triggered model predictive control (ET-MPC) algorithm is proposed for continuous perturbed nonlinear systems with constraints for the purpose of reducing computing burden and communication transmission. In the first step, an original event triggering condition is constructed based on the slope variation of the state error between the optimal prediction and the real state, i.e., the quasi quadratic differential (QQD) type event-triggered mechanism. Secondly, the dual-mode control has been adopted to deal with the constrained nonlinear systems subject to disturbances, based on which the execution process of the proposed QQD based ET-MPC is described. In addition, the feasibility of the algorithm and closed-loop stability of the system have been strictly proved in theory. Lastly, two simulation examples are utilized to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. J. Qin and T. A. Badgwell, “A survey of industrial model predictive control technology,” Control engineering practice, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 733–764, 2003.
N. He, M. Forbes, J. Backström, and T. Chen, “Userfriendly cross-directional mpc tuning for uncertain multiple-array paper-making processes,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 88, pp. 65–78, 2019.
X. Ping, S. Yang, B. Ding, T. Raissi, and Z. Li, “A convexity approach to dynamic output feedback robust mpc for lpv systems with bounded disturbances,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1378–1391, 2020.
L. Dai, Q. Cao, Y. Xia, and Y. Gao, “Distributed mpc for formation of multi-agent systems with collision avoidance and obstacle avoidance,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 354, no. 4, pp. 2068–2085, 2017.
B. Park, S.-K. Oh, and J. M. Lee, “Closed-loop subspace identification of dual-rate non-uniformly sampled system under mpc with zone control,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 2002–2011, 2020.
K. Lee, J. Lee, and Y. I. Lee, “Robust model predictive speed control of induction motors using a constrained disturbance observer,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, pp. 1539–1549, 2020.
X. Yu-Geng, L. De-Wei, and L. Shu, “Model predictive control—status and challenges,” Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 222–236, 2013.
Y. Fan, J. Chen, C. Song, and Y. Wang, “Event-triggered coordination control for multi-agent systems with connectivity preservation,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 966–979, 2020.
N. He and D. Shi, “Event-based robust sampled-data model predictive control: A non-monotonic lyapunov function approach,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 2555–2564, 2015.
S. Wen, G. Guo, B. Chen, and X. Gao, “Event-triggered cooperative control of vehicle platoons in vehicular ad hoc networks,” Information Sciences, vol. 459, pp. 341–353, 2018.
N. T. Hung, A. M. Pascoal, and T. A. Johansen, “Cooperative path following of constrained autonomous vehicles with model predictive control and event-triggered communications,” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 2644–2670, 2020.
H. Zhao, X. Dai, Q. Zhang, and J. Ding, “Robust event-triggered model predictive control for multiple high-speed trains with switching topologies,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 4700–4710, 2020.
A. S. Kolarijani, S. C. Bregman, P. M. Esfahani, and T. Keviczky, “A decentralized event-based approach for robust model predictive control,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 3517–3529, 2019.
M. Wang, J. Sun, and J. Chen, “Input-to-state stability of perturbed nonlinear systems with event-triggered receding horizon control scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 6393–6403, 2018.
D. Lehmann, E. Henriksson, and K. H. Johansson, “Event-triggered model predictive control of discrete-time linear systems subject to disturbances,” Proc. of European Control Conference (ECC), pp. 1156–1161, IEEE, 2013.
J. Sijs, M. Lazar, and W. Heemels, “On integration of event-based estimation and robust mpc in a feedbackloop,” Proc. of the 13th ACM International conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, pp. 31–40, 2010.
A. Eqtami, D. V. Dimarogonas, and K. J. Kyriakopoulos, “Novel event-triggered strategies for model predictive controllers,” Proc. of 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference, pp. 3392–3397, 2011.
S. Ghorbani, A. A. Safavi, and S. V. Naghavi, “Event-triggered robust model predictive control for lipschitz nonlinear networked control systems subject to communication delays,” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1126–1142, 2021.
H. Yang, H. Zhao, Y. Xia, and J. Zhang, “Event-triggered active mpc for nonlinear multiagent systems with packet losses,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 3093–3102, 2021.
X. Tang, M. Li, S. Wei, and B. Ding, “Event-triggered synchronous distributed model predictive control for multiagent systems,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1273–1282, 2021.
W. Hu, L. Liu, and G. Feng, “Consensus of linear multiagent systems by distributed event-triggered strategy,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 148–157, 2015.
A. Eqtami, D. V. Dimarogonas, and K. J. Kyriakopoulos, “Event-triggered strategies for decentralized model predictive controllers,” IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 10068–10073, 2011.
A. Eqtami, D. V. Dimarogonas, and K. J. Kyriakopoulos, “Event-based model predictive control for the cooperation of distributed agents,” Proc. of American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 6473–6478, IEEE, 2012.
Z. Hu, P. Shi, and L. Wu, “Polytopic event-triggered robust model predictive control for constrained linear systems,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 2594–2603, 2021.
M. Donkers and W. Heemels, “Output-based event-triggered control with guaranteed \({{\cal L}_\infty }\)-gain and improved event-triggering,” Proc. of 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 3246–3251, 2010.
X. Hu, H. Yu, F. Hao, and Y. Luo, “Event-triggered model predictive control for disturbed linear systems under two-channel transmissions,” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 30, no. 16, pp. 6701–6719, 2020.
C. Liu, H. Li, Y. Shi, and D. Xu, “Codesign of event trigger and feedback policy in robust model predictive control,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 302–309, 2019.
W. Yang, L. Jin, D. Xu, and W. Yan, “Event-triggered \({{\cal H}_\infty }\)-type robust model predictive control of linear systems with disturbances,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 53859–53867, 2019.
Z. Sun, C. Li, J. Zhang, and Y. Xia, “Dynamic event-triggered mpc with shrinking prediction horizon and without terminal constraint,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 12140–12149, 2022.
H. Li and Y. Shi, “Event-triggered robust model predictive control of continuous-time nonlinear systems,” Automatica, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1507–1513, 2014.
Q. Sun, J. Chen, and Y. Shi, “Integral-type event-triggered model predictive control of nonlinear systems with additive disturbance,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 5921–5929, 2021.
C. Liu, J. Gao, H. Li, and D. Xu, “Aperiodic robust model predictive control for constrained continuous-time nonlinear systems: An event-triggered approach,” IEEE transactions on cybernetics, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1397–1405, 2017.
K. Hashimoto, S. Adachi, and D. V. Dimarogonas, “Event-triggered intermittent sampling for nonlinear model predictive control,” Automatica, vol. 81, pp. 148–155, 2017.
M. Wang, J. Sun, and J. Chen, “Stabilization of perturbed continuous-time systems using event-triggered model predictive control,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 4039–4051, 2022.
A. Eqtami, S. Heshmati-Alamdari, D. V. Dimarogonas, and K. J. Kyriakopoulos, “Self-triggered model predictive control for nonholonomic systems,” Proc. of European Control Conference (ECC), pp. 638–643, IEEE, 2013.
W.-S. Cheung and J. Ren, “Discrete non-linear inequalities and applications to boundary value problems,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 319, no. 2, pp. 708–724, 2006.
D. Cui and H. Li, “Dual self-triggered model-predictive control for nonlinear cyber-physical systems,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 3442–3452, 2022.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported by NSFC (No. 61903291) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M660257).
Ning He received his B.Eng. and M.Sc. degrees in automation and detection technology and automation from Northwestern Polytechnical University, China in 2011 and 2013, respectively. He received a Ph.D. degree in control systems from University of Alberta, Canada in 2017. He is presently a Professor and Director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering and Automation at Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. His research interests include robust model predictive control, event-based control and their application to industrial systems.
Qingqing Chen received her B.S. degree from Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China, in 2020. She is currently pursuing a master’s degree with the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, majoring in the energy and power. Her research interests include model predictive control and event-triggered mechanism.
Zhongxian Xu received his B.Eng. degree from Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, in 2017. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree with the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. His research interests include model predictive control and event-triggered control. In 2021, he received the Best Student Paper Award in the 10th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS 2021).
Botao Bai received his B.S. degree from Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China, in 2020. He is currently pursuing a master’s degree with the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, majoring in mechanical engineering. His research interests include model predictive control, self-triggered and event-triggered mechanism.
Chao Shen received his B.S. degree in automation from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China in 2007; and a Ph.D. degree in control theory and control engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China in 2014. He was a research scholar in Carnegie Mellon University from 2011 to 2013. He is currently a Professor in the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University of China. He serves as the Associate Dean of School of Cyber Security of Xi’an Jiaotong University. He is also with the Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security. He has published more than 50 research papers in international referred journals and conferences. His research interests include cyber-physical system optimization and security, network and system security, and artificial intelligence security. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for a number of journals, including Journal of Franklin Institute, IEEE Access, Frontiers of Computer Science, and Engineering.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, N., Chen, Q., Xu, Z. et al. An Error Quasi Quadratic Differential Based Event-triggered MPC for Continuous Perturbed Nonlinear Systems. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 22, 205–216 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-021-1114-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-021-1114-9