Abstract
This study reports a robust and sensitive method for rapid testing of patulin in apple and apple juice. The method involved extraction of homogenised samples (10 g) with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and clean up by dispersive-solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine (25 mg/mL). Prior to the LC-MS/MS analysis, the cleaned extract was reconstituted in methanol/water (2:8). The optimised LC-MS condition provided a symmetric peak of patulin within a short LC-runtime of 5 min. The recoveries at the limit of quantification (0.005 mg/kg) and higher levels were satisfactory (> 80%), with the precision-RSDr (< 11%). In an inter-laboratory comparison study involving 13 accredited laboratories, the reproducibility-RSDR and HorRat values ranged between 4.80 and 6.08% and between 0.18 and 0.23 respectively, indicating a satisfactory method-precision. The z-scores of the participating laboratories were within ± 2. When the method was applied to incurred samples, the contamination range was 0.008–0.225 mg/kg and 0.018–0.034 mg/kg for apple and juice respectively, demonstrating a satisfactory performance in terms of precision. Based on the solvent standard, matrix-matched standard and standard-addition approaches, the calibration graphs provided similar quantitative performances. Because of its reliability, robustness and time-effectiveness, the method can be recommended for regulatory testing purposes.
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Abbreviations
- ML:
-
Maximum Level
- FSSAI:
-
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
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Acknowledgements
We thank the participating laboratories for supporting the inter-laboratory study. Equally, we are thankful to Suparna Banerjee for offering comments on the drafts of this manuscript.
Funding
We received partial funding from the Food Safety Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) under the National Referral Laboratory (NRL) scheme.
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Shinde, R., Dhanshetty, M., Lakade, A. et al. Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method for the analysis of patulin in apple and apple juice. Mycotoxin Res 37, 119–127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00422-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00422-2