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Brachiopods from the Early Carboniferous Erdbach limestones in Hesse (Germany, Kulm Basin)

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Abstract

The Early Carboniferous Erdbach limestones I, II, and III, deposited in crevasses (karst, tectonics) developed within Devonian carbonate reefs and submarine rises of volcanogenic origin in the eponymous area (Hesse, Germany), yielded a poorly diverse brachiopod fauna that was first studied by E. Holzapfel at the end of the nineteenth century. Re-investigation of the brachiopods based on recently collected material has led to the recognition of at least eleven species within the Tournaisian (Ivorian) Erdbach Limestone II (Scaliognathus anchoralis Zone), thus about twice as many as previously reported in the literature. The brachiopods, including both linguliforms and rhynchonelliforms, are very small (generally ≤ 10 mm in width) and thin-shelled; smooth spiriferides include homeomorphic species. Productidines, rhynchonellides and spire-bearers (athyridides, spiriferides) are specifically predominant among the Rhynchonelliformea. Former reports of Roemerithyris macrogaster (Roemer, 1852) from the Bromberg Formation (Goniatites crenistria Horizon; Asbian) at Elsoff in North Rhine–Westphalia are discussed. Four species from the historical type area of the Tournaisian Stage (Tournai, Belgium) are also discussed and/or illustrated, namely Orbiculoidea davreuxiana (De Koninck, 1843 in 1842–1844), O. portlockiana Demanet, 1934, O. tornacensis Demanet, 1934 (Linguliformea), and Acanthocrania psammophora (de Ryckholt, 1851) (Craniiformea), whose lectotype is selected.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Peter Müller for the donation of the studied material to the SMF. BM acknowledges Valentin Fischer (University of Liège) for giving access to the collections under his care and Yves Candela (National Museums Scotland) for information related to Craniida. The SEM images of the brachiopods were taken at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences at Brussels by Julien. Cillis. The manuscript benefited from the thorough reviews of Ulrich Jansen (Senckenberg Research Institute) and an anonymous reviewer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Earth and History of Life, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium

    Bernard Mottequin

  2. Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Abt. Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674, Cologne, Germany

    Michael Amler

  3. Museum of Natural History (Leibniz Institute) at Humboldt University, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Dieter Weyer

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  1. Bernard Mottequin
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Mottequin, B., Amler, M. & Weyer, D. Brachiopods from the Early Carboniferous Erdbach limestones in Hesse (Germany, Kulm Basin). PalZ 97, 785–806 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-022-00640-8

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