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Paleoecological and isotopic analysis of fossil continental mollusks of Sandelzhausen (Miocene, Germany)

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Abstract

The fossil molluscan fauna of Sandelzhausen (Early/Middle Miocene, SE Germany) comprises a total of 44 species, mostly terrestrial pulmonate snails. Herein we present a paleoecological analysis of this fauna based on an actualistic approach and on data on stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen (assessed from specimens of the freshwater lymnaeid snail Galba dupuyiana and the terrestrial clausiliid snail Pseudidyla moersingensis). The paleoecological reconstruction achieved here is in line with previous works, with some novelties and minor modifications. The basal sediment layers point to a swampy area with ponds and/or oxbow lakes (closed system, as indicated by the covariation between oxygen and carbon isotopic signals of G. dupuyiana), prone to seasonal flooding events. This environment would then gradually transition into a perennial lake, as indicated by: the proportion of planorbids, the appearance of aquatic species intolerant to desiccation, and the decoupling of the covariation between oxygen and carbon isotopic signals of G. dupuyiana. The terrestrial habitat would have developed from a more open environment (semi-arid/sub-humid scrubland) to a sub-humid/humid denser forest afterwards. Still, species from drier and more open environments are present throughout all the layers, suggesting that these habitats persisted in the lake’s hinterland. The mean annual temperature, calculated from the oxygen isotopic composition of P. moersingensis, ranges from 18.5 to 20.5 °C, but with no significant trend of change throughout the layers.

Kurzfassung

Die Molluskenfauna von Sandelzhausen (Unter-/Mittelmiozän, SE Deutschland) beinhaltet 44 Arten von vorwiegend pulmonaten Landschnecken. Wir präsentieren eine paläoökologische Analyse dieser Fauna, basierend auf einem aktualistischen Ansatz sowie auf stabilen Sauerstoff- und Kohlenstoffisotopen. Die Isotopen wurden an Schalen der lymnaeiden Süßwasserschnecke Galba dupuyiana und der terrestrischen clausiliiden Schnecke Pseudidyla moersingensis gemessen. Die paläoökologische Rekonstruktion bestätigt frühere Studien, zeigt aber auch neue Ergebnisse. Die basalen Sedimentablagerungen stellen sumpfige Bereiche mit Tümpeln und/oder Altwasserarmen mit gelegentlichen Überschwemmungen dar. Hinweise auf derartige geschlossene Systeme werden durch die parallelen Änderungen der Sauerstoff- und Kohlenstoffisotopen in Schalen von G. dupuyiana angezeigt. Die darüber folgende Fauna mit Planorbiden, das Erscheinen von aquatischen Arten die kein Trockenfallen vertragen, sowie die entkoppelten Änderungen der Sauerstoff- und Kohlenstoffisotopen-Signale von G. dupuyiana, zeigen einen Wechsel des Systems in einen mehrjährigen See an. Die terrestrischen Habitate wechselten von einem relativ offenen Lebensraum (semi-arides bis sub-humides Buschland) in einen sub-humiden bis humiden, dichteren Wald. Arten aus trockeneren und eher offenen Lebensräumen kommen in allen Schichten vor, was darauf hinweist, dass diese Habitate im Hinterland Bestand hatten. Die aus den Sauerstoffisotopen der Schalen von P. moersingensis errechnete durchschnittliche Jahrestemperatur liegt zwischen 18,5 und 20,5 °C. Im Verlaufe der Sedimentation gab es keine eindeutigen Temperaturschwankungen.

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to Alexander Nützel (SNSB-BSPG) for allowing access to the Sandelzhausen material under his care; to Markus Moser (SNSB-BSPG) for providing information about the specimens’ original labels and collection details; to Bernd Steinhilber and Heinrich Taubald (Universität Tübingen) for the oxygen and carbon isotope analyses; to Philip Herrmann (formerly Universität Bonn) for helping with preparation of the samples for Sr isotope analysis; to Carlos A.G. Marques (Universidade da Madeira) for the literature on the Madeiran biome; and to the two reviewers for the comments and suggestions to improve this work. RBS received a doctoral grant from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (proc. 245575/2012-0), Brazil. Measurement of stable isotopes was funded by the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Rodrigo B. Salvador & Michael W. Rasser

  2. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Rodrigo B. Salvador & Christoph Berthold

  3. Department of Applied and Analytical Paleontology, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Thomas Tütken

  4. Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Barbara M. Tomotani

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  1. Rodrigo B. Salvador
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Correspondence to Rodrigo B. Salvador.

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Salvador, R.B., Tütken, T., Tomotani, B.M. et al. Paleoecological and isotopic analysis of fossil continental mollusks of Sandelzhausen (Miocene, Germany). PalZ 92, 395–409 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-017-0400-6

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