Abstract
The effects of maximum load and loading rate on the creep behavior of the single-phase hexagonal close-packed structured GdHoLaTbY alloy at room temperature were investigated by nanoindentation. The hardness, creep depth, creep rate, and stress exponent strongly dependent on the maximum load and loading rate. The creep behavior of the alloy at different maximum loads shows a significant indentation size effect. The creep behavior is dominated by free diffusion at the sample surface at low load retaining loads and by dislocation sliding at high load retaining loads. The creep behavior of the current alloy is greatly sensitive to the indentation loading rate at different loading rates. High loading rates give rise to stress fields with high dislocation density and high strain gradients, which results in a large stress index during the loading retention stage.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, S.Y. Chang, Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 299–303 (2004)
Y. Zhang, T.T. Zuo, Z. Tang, M.C. Gao, K.A. Dahmen, P.K. Liaw, Z.P. Lu, Prog. Mater. Sci. 61, 1–93 (2014)
L. Fan, T. Yang, Y. Zhao, J. Luan, G. Zhou, H. Wang, Z. Jiao, C.T. Liu, Nat. Commun. 11, 6240 (2020)
J.Y. He, W.H. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Wu, X.J. Liu, T.G. Nieh, Z.P. Lu, Acta Mater. 62, 105–113 (2014)
J. Yi, L. Yang, L. Wang, M. Xu, L. Liu, Met. Mater. Int. 28, 227–236 (2021)
H.D. Park, J.W. Won, J. Moon, H.S. Kim, H. Sung, J.B. Seol, J.W. Bae, J.G. Kim, Met. Mater. Int. 29, 95–107 (2022)
N.A.P. Kiran Kumar, C. Li, K.J. Leonard, H. Bei, S.J. Zinkle, Acta Mater. 113, 230–244 (2016)
O. El-Atwani, N. Li, M. Li, A. Devaraj, J.K.S. Baldwin, M.M. Schneider, D. Sobieraj, J.S. Wrobel, D. Nguyen-Manh, S.A. Maloy, E. Martinez, Sci. Adv. 5, eaav2002 (2019)
H. Luo, Z. Li, A.M. Mingers, D. Raabe, Corros. Sci. 134, 131–139 (2018)
Y. Fu, J. Li, H. Luo, C. Du, X. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 80, 217–233 (2021)
V. Chaudhary, R. Chaudhary, R. Banerjee, R.V. Ramanujan, Mater. Today 49, 231–252 (2021)
Y. Ma, Q. Wang, X. Zhou, J. Hao, B. Gault, Q. Zhang, C. Dong, T.G. Nieh, Adv. Mater. 33, 2006723 (2021)
M. Harivandi, M. Malekan, S.A. Seyyed Ebrahimi, Met. Mater. Int. 28, 556–564 (2022)
A. Takeuchi, K. Amiya, T. Wada, K. Yubuta, W. Zhang, Jom 66, 1984–1992 (2014)
J. Lužnik, P. Koželj, S. Vrtnik, A. Jelen, Z. Jagličić, A. Meden, M. Feuerbacher, J. Dolinšek, Phys. Rev. B 92, 224201 (2015)
Y. Bu, Z. Li, J. Liu, H. Wang, D. Raabe, W. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 075502 (2019)
Y.J. Zhao, J.W. Qiao, S.G. Ma, M.C. Gao, H.J. Yang, M.W. Chen, Y. Zhang, Mater. Des. 96, 10–15 (2016)
J.W. Qiao, M.L. Bao, Y.J. Zhao, H.J. Yang, Y.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, J.A. Hawk, M.C. Gao, J. Appl. Phys. 124, 195101 (2018)
W. Steurer, Mater. Charact. 162, 110179 (2020)
Z. Wang, M.L. Bao, X.J. Wang, P.K. Liaw, R.P. Guo, J.W. Qiao, J. Appl. Phys. 129, 175104 (2021)
Y. Yuan, Y. Wu, X. Tong, H. Zhang, H. Wang, X.J. Liu, L. Ma, H.L. Suo, Z.P. Lu, Acta Mater. 125, 481–489 (2017)
Y. Shukunami, A. Yamashita, Y. Goto, Y. Mizuguchi, Phys. C 572, 1353623 (2020)
T. Gu, L.M. Wang, Q. Hu, X.B. Liang, D.X. Fu, Y.X. Chen, X.M. Zhao, Y.W. Sheng, Met. Mater. Int. 28, 2571–2582 (2022)
D.H. Lee, M.Y. Seok, Y. Zhao, I.C. Choi, J. He, Z. Lu, J.Y. Suh, U. Ramamurty, M. Kawasaki, T.G. Langdon, J. Jang, Acta Mater. 109, 314–322 (2016)
D. Wang, J. Tan, C.J. Li, X.M. Qin, S.F. Guo, J. Alloys Compd. 885, 161038 (2021)
W.C. Oliver, G. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564–1583 (1992)
C.L. Wang, Y.H. Lai, J.C. Huang, T.G. Nieh, Scr. Mater. 62, 175–178 (2010)
C.L. Wang, M. Zhang, T.G. Nieh, J. Phys. D 42, 115405 (2009)
V. Raman, R. Berriche, J. Mater. Res. 7, 623–638 (1992)
B.L. Shen, T. Itoi, T. Yamasaki, Y. Ogino, Scr. Mater. 42, 893–898 (2000)
K.L. Johnson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 18, 115–126 (1970)
Z.S. Ma, S.G. Long, Y.C. Zhou, Y. Pan, Scr. Mater. 59, 195–198 (2008)
Z.H. Cao, P.Y. Li, H.M. Lu, Y.L. Huang, Y.C. Zhou, X.K. Meng, Scr. Mater. 60, 415–418 (2009)
R.W. Evans, B. Wilshire, United State: North American Pub. Center, Brookfield, VT, 1985
H. Li, A.H.W. Ngan, J. Mater. Res. 19, 513–522 (2004)
T.G. Langdon, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33, 249–259 (2002)
I.C. Choi, Y.J. Kim, M.Y. Seok, B.G. Yoo, J.Y. Kim, Y. Wang, J. Jang, Int. J. Plast. 41, 53–64 (2013)
F. Wang, P. Huang, K.W. Xu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 161921 (2007)
M.J. Mayo, W.D. Nix, in Strength of Metals and Alloys (ICSMA 8), ed. by P.O. Kettunen, T.K. Lepistö, M.E. Lehtonen. 8th International Conference On The Strength Of Metals and Alloys Tampere, Finland, 22–26 August 1988. vol. 3 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1989), pp. 1415–1420
Z. Ma, S. Long, Y. Pan, Y. Zhou, J. Mater. Sci. 43, 5952–5955 (2008)
W.B. Li, J. Henshall, R. Hooper, K. Easterling, Acta Metall. Mater. 39, 3099–3110 (1991)
Y.Y. Zhao, T.G. Nieh, Intermetallics 86, 45–50 (2017)
E. Ma, Scr. Mater. 181, 127–133 (2020)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52201188), and Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province (No. 202102050201008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Z., Yang, X.W., Zhang, Q. et al. Nanoindentation Creep Behavior of Hexagonal Close-Packed High-Entropy Alloys. Met. Mater. Int. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01655-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01655-3