Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs) Formation in Al/Mg Dissimilar Alloy Solid State Joining: Experimental Study and Phase Field Modeling

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aluminum/magnesium (Al/Mg) alloys have good metallurgical compatibility as well as similar melting and recrystallization temperatures. Therefore, the formation of deleterious IMCs is considered as a major problem in dissimilar Al/Mg alloys joining. In this paper, the metallurgical reaction behavior and atomic diffusion in Al/Mg solid state joining interface are studied. Based on the thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic characteristics of ordered phase transformation and atomic diffusion database, a phase field calculation framework of the polycrystalline β–Al3Mg2 and γ–Al12Mg17 evolution is developed. Diffusivity, D and interface mobility, M, which significant kinetic parameters are defined as alloy compositions and joining conditions dependent. By a series of simulation, it is proved the simulated interdiffusion microstructural characteristics and element distribution across the joining interface are in coincidence with the corresponding experimental data. The thermally activated IMC evolution in diffusion bonding is in thermodynamic equilibrium, while accelerated IMC evolution in friction stir welding results from thermomechanically activated D and M. The present study contributes to the understanding of interfacial microstructures evolution in solid state joining of dissimilar alloys.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article.

References

  1. Z.B. Dong, Q. Song, X.X. Ai, Z. Lv, J. Manuf. Process. 42, 106 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.M. Baqer, S. Ramesh, F. Yusof, S.M. Manladan, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 95, 4353 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.J. Fang, X.S. Jiang, D.F. Mo, D.G. Zhu, Z.P. Luo, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 102, 2845 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H.A. Derazkola, F. Khodabakhshi, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 100, 2401 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Zhao, S. Jiang, S.F. Yang, Z.P. Lu, K. Yan, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 83, 673 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L.H. Shah, A. Gerlich, Y. Zhou, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 94, 2667 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. U. Suhuddin, V. Fischer, F. Kroeff, J.F. Dos Santos, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 590, 384 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Shi, K. Chen, Z. Liang, F. Dong, T. Yu, X. Dong, L. Zhang, A. Shan, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33, 359 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. X.Q. Wang, K. Chou, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 100, 2147 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C.L. Yang, C.S. Wu, L. Shi, Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi. 25, 345 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. W.J. Zheng, Y.M. He, J.G. Yang, Z.B. Dong, J. Mech. Eng. 54, 62 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. T.Z. Gong, Y. Chen, S.S. Li, Y.F. Cao, D.Z. Li, X.Q. Chen, G. Reinhart, H. Nguyen-Thi, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 74, 155 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. D. Mukherjee, H. Larsson, J. Odqvist, Comput. Mater. Sci. 184, 109914 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Bhattacharya, K. Mondal, C.S. Upadhyay, S. Sangal, Comput. Mater. Sci. 173, 109428 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. J.Y. Huh, K.K. Hong, Y.B. Kim, K.T. Kim, J. Electron. Mater. 33, 1161 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. K.K. Hong, J.Y. Huh, J. Electron. Mater. 35, 56 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.S. Park, S.L. Gibbons, R. Arróyave, Acta. Mater. 60, 6278 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M.S. Park, R. Arróyave, Acta. Mater. 58, 4900 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Wang, J.L. Murray, S.Y. Hu, L.Q. Chen, H. Wei, J. Phase. Equilib. Diff. 28, 258 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. G.M. Han, Z.Q. Han, A.A. Luo, B.C. Liu, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46, 948 (2015)

  21. R.R. Mohanty, A. Leon, Y.H. Sohn, Comput. Mater. Sci. 43, 301 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Panteli, J.D. Robson, I. Brough, P.B. Prangnell, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 556, 31 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Robson, A. Panteli, P.B. Prangnell, Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi. 17, 447 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Zhong, M.S. Hooshmand, M. Ghazisaeidi, W. Windl, J.C. Zhao, Acta. Mater. 189, 214 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Wang, Y. Wang, P. Prangnell, J. Robson, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46, 4106 (2015)

  26. J.C. Liu, J. Hu, X.Y. Nie, H.X. Li, Q. Du, J.S. Zhang, L.Z. Zhuang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 635, 70 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K.N. Kulkarni, A.A. Luo, J. Phase. Equili. Diff. 34, 104 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Jafarian, A. Khodabandeh, S. Manafi, Mater. Design 65, 160 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Azizi, H. Alimardan, Trans. Nonferrous. Met. Soc. China 26, 85 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. Rezaei, A.H. Jabbari, M. Sedighi, Weld. World 64, 949 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Z.A. Zhu, R.H. Shi, A.D. Klarner, A.A. Luo, Y.Q. Chen, J. Magnes. Alloy 8, 578 (2020)

  32. L.P. Long, W.S. Liu, Y.Z. Ma, L. Wu, S.W. Tang, High Temp. Mater. Proc. 36, 985 (2016)

  33. A.H. Plaine, U.F.H. Suhuddin, C.R.M. Afonso, N.G. Alcântara, J.F. dos Santos, Mater. Design 93, 224 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. U. Suhuddin, V. Fischer, J.F. dos Santos, Scripta Mater. 68, 87 (2013)

  35. F. Foadian, M. Soltanieh, M. Adeli, M. Etminanbakhsh, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45A, 1823 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. S.D. Ji, Z.W. Li, Met. Mater. Int. 23, 1158 (2017)

  37. H. Shakeri, M.A. Mofid, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 4132 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. H.–S. Shin, M. de Leon, Met. Mater. Int. 23, 554 (2017)

  39. P.Q. Gao, Y. Zhang, K.P. Mehta, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 3085 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. Yang, J.P. Oliveira, Y.L. Li, C.W. Tan, C.K. Gao, Y.X. Zhao, Z.S. Yu, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 301, 117443 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51905143) and National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Research Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFE03100400).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Kuijing Song, Xinquan Liu, Yukai Ji, Yong Wei, Junrui Luo, Fei Liu, Dashuang Liu & Zhihong Zhong

  2. Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Kuijing Song, Fei Liu, Dashuang Liu & Zhihong Zhong

Authors
  1. Kuijing Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xinquan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yukai Ji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yong Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Junrui Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Fei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dashuang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zhihong Zhong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

KS and XL implemented the phase field modeling and drafted the manuscript. YJ, YW and JL carried out the welding experiments, participated in the sample preparation and analysis. FL, DL and ZZ conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kuijing Song.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Written informed consent for publication of this paper was obtained from Hefei University and Technology and all authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, K., Liu, X., Ji, Y. et al. Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs) Formation in Al/Mg Dissimilar Alloy Solid State Joining: Experimental Study and Phase Field Modeling. Met. Mater. Int. 29, 1165–1180 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01292-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01292-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation