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Effect of Plastic Anisotropy on the Kinetics of Static Softening in AA2024–T3 Aluminum Alloy

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Abstract

The influence of plastic anisotropy on the static softening kinetics after cold forming in the AA2024–T3 aluminum alloy sheet was investigated. The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at room temperature in three directions 0°, 45° and 90° in relation to the rolling direction, at 8% strain level. The samples were then annealed at 350 °C for various holding times. The softening data were analyzed using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) method, and the Avrami's exponent \(n\) and rate constant \(k\) for each testing condition. The grain growth kinetics followed a power law behavior with an exponent coefficient \({n}_{g}\) and a Hall–Petch type relationship was found between the grain size and microhardness evolution. The results showed that the conventional JMAK equation could not accurately model the static softening kinetics of AA2024–T3. Moreover, the Avrami's exponent n and rate constant \(k\) determined from the modified JMAK equation containing an impingement parameter, the \({n}_{g}\) parameter from the grain growth power law and the Hall–Petch parameters were found to be different with the three directions. To validate the influence of plastic anisotropy on static softening, microstructure and microtexture characterization was carried out using a combination of Vickers microhardness tests, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction before and after annealing.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the faculty of physics, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene—Phase Transformation, Microstructure and Texture TPMT LPA group, the Research Center in Industrial Technologies, the “École de technologie supérieure”—CM2P research chair. We would like to thank Dr. Mohammad Saadati for EBSD characterization. Moreover, we heartily thank the Algerian company ETRAG ‘Entreprise des Tracteurs Agricoles’ for cutting the tensile samples with the laser cutting machine OMADA LCG 3015AJ. We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council—NSERC and Programme National Exceptionel—PNE for the financial support.

Funding

The research was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada—NSERC and Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Algeria under the “Programme National Exceptionnel”—PNE.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Mines, Métallurgie et Matériaux (L3M), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines et Métallurgie, Annaba, Algeria

    Manel Houria & Nedjoua Matougui

  2. Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté de Physique, Université Des Sciences et de la Technologie-Houari Boumediene (USTHB), B.P. 32, 16111, Alger, Algeria

    Brahim Mehdi

  3. Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, Alger, Algeria

    Nabil Kherrouba

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada

    Manel Houria & Mohammad Jahazi

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  1. Manel Houria
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  2. Nedjoua Matougui
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Correspondence to Mohammad Jahazi.

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Houria, M., Matougui, N., Mehdi, B. et al. Effect of Plastic Anisotropy on the Kinetics of Static Softening in AA2024–T3 Aluminum Alloy. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 2042–2058 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01126-z

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