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Antholoba fabiani sp. nov. (Actiniaria, Metridioidea, Antholobidae fam. nov.), a new species and family of sea anemone of the southwestern Atlantic, Brazil

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Abstract

The genus Antholoba Hertwig, 1882 (Actiniaria, Enthemonae) is characterized by the presence of short and numerous tentacles, a folded oral disc in lobes or cup-shaped with an expanded distal part, transversely wrinkled body wall surface, a very long mesogloeal sphincter, parietobasilar muscles poorly developed, and the absence of acontia. Currently, the genus Antholoba is classified within the family Actinostolidae Carlgren, 1893 (superfamily Actinostoloidea Carlgren, 1932) and comprises two valid species: A. achates (Drayton in Dana, 1846) which have been recorded in Antarctica, the southwestern Atlantic, and the southeastern-western Pacific; and A. perdix (Drayton in Dana, 1846) which is distributed in the northwestern Atlantic, including the Gulf of Mexico. In recent collections along Ubatuba Bay in northern São Paulo, Brazil, we found specimens of a third, unknown species, which exhibits morphological and genetic differences from the only other species recorded from that place, A. achates (Drayton in Dana, 1846). Additionally, we examined five specimens of A. achates collected in Penha, Santa Catarina State, for morphological comparison. Our phylogenetic analyses, using molecular data, affirm the difference between the two species. Furthermore, the resultant phylogenetic trees recover the species of the genus Antholoba as a sister group to the acuticulate clade, within the superfamily Metridioidea, instead of within Actinostoloidea. We describe the material from Ubatuba as a new species, A. fabiani sp. nov., providing information and photographs of its external and internal anatomy, as well as cnidom, along with sequences of mitochondrial (12S, 16S, and COIII) and nuclear (18S and 28S) markers. Additionally, we propose placing the genus Antholoba within Metridioidea, and introduce the new family Antholobidae fam. nov.

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Acknowledgements

We extend our gratitude to Ana Clara Santana and Dr. Sergio Pereira for their assistance in the histological protocol for the study samples. We also appreciate the valuable contributions of Dr. André Morandini for donating the Antholoba achates collections and Dr. Maximiliano M. Maronna for his enriching contributions to genetic analysis. Our thanks extend to Professor Dr. Rogério Caetano da Costa and his groups of students at LABCAM (Laboratory of Biology of Marine and Freshwater Shrimps) at the São Paulo State University, for their involvement in the sampling conducted in Ubatuba Bay. Funding support for this research was provided through resources from the Center for Scientific Computing (NCC/GridUNESP) at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Comments from Karen Sanamyan, Estefanía Rodríguez, and an anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant numbers 2020/16589–7 and 2022/09430-7 to JDF. SNS was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant numbers 2019/03552-0 and 2022/16193-1, and CNPq (Research Productivity Scholarship) grant number 307340/2019-8 and 304267/2022-8.

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  1. Laboratory of Evolution and Aquatic Diversity (LEDALab), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, 17033-360, Brazil

    Jeferson A. Durán-Fuentes & Sérgio N. Stampar

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Ricardo González-Muñoz

  3. Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA

    Jeferson A. Durán-Fuentes & Marymegan Daly

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JDF, RGM, and MD conceptualized, analyzed data. JDF wrote the manuscript. JDF and SNS conceived and designed research. RGM, MD, and SNS edited and reviewed the manuscript. SNS procured funds and managed the project. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Durán-Fuentes, J.A., González-Muñoz, R., Daly, M. et al. Antholoba fabiani sp. nov. (Actiniaria, Metridioidea, Antholobidae fam. nov.), a new species and family of sea anemone of the southwestern Atlantic, Brazil. Mar. Biodivers. 54, 40 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01433-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01433-9

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