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Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters

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Abstract

Using retrospective data dating back to the eighteenth century and extensive information from new collections in 2016, this paper provides an update of the species richness of bryozoans and evaluates the variation of bryozoan diversity along environmental gradients (depth and water temperature) and latitude in Greenland. A total of 308 species was recorded in Greenland, including 21, which were found for the first time. The richest bryozoan fauna inhabits the South Western (SW) and the northern parts of the study area. The rarefaction method and Chao2 metric indicate that additional sampling can increase bryozoan species richness with up to 20% for the whole area; and up to 50˗70% — for the Central West 2 (CW2) and SW sectors. An increase of 100 and 250%, respectively, is expected for the South East (SE) and Central West 1 (CW1) sectors, which underlines the scarcity of studies in these areas. Data from 2016 suggested a decrease in species richness towards the north, but this trend diminished when including historic records. Boreo-Arctic species of bryozoans dominate, but Arctic species are twice as numerous as those with boreal affinity. Arctic and Atlantic waters influence the distribution of bryozoan species. Temperature controls the distribution of boreal species. An estimation of similarities of the species composition in the defined sectors indicated the presence of four bryozoan assemblages. A comparison of the Greenland bryozoan communities with the communities of 24 geographical areas defined for the Arctic and the Atlantic boreal zone showed that the Greenland bryozoan fauna, with the exception of the SE sector, has significant similarity with the areas located at the border between the boreal and Arctic regions and having a transitional zone between them. In contrast, the SE sector is part of the boreal Atlantic region.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the scientific and technical personnel onboard MT Paamiut during the 2016 survey season. The authors are very thankful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that improved the paper.

Funding

This study was funded by the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, North Atlantic Cooperation (nora.fo; J. nr. 510–151), the Ministry for Research in Greenland (IKIIN) and the Environmental Protection Agency (Dancea) of the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark (J. nr. mst-112–00272). The work is also part of the Danish Presidency project in Nordic Council of Ministers, Mapping seabed biodiversity and vulnerability in the Arctic and North Atlantic (Proj. nr. 15002). It is also funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Project Taxonomy, biodiversity and ecology of invertebrates of the Russian and neighbouring waters of the World Ocean, continental and moistening territories: N AAAA-A19-119020690072–9), and the Grant ‘Century-long changes in the bottom ecosystems of the Arctic seas of Russia, cur­rent status and forecast’ by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant number 18–05-60157).

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  1. Russian Academy of Scienses, Zoological Institute, Universitetskaya Emb., 1, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Nina V. Denisenko

  2. Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, Nuuk, Greenland

    Martin E. Blicher

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Correspondence to Nina V. Denisenko.

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No animal testing was performed during this study.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities. They are mentioned in acknowledgements. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

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The data is available from the authors upon request.

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MB collected samples, ND identified samples. ND and MB conceived and designed the research. ND analysed the data. ND wrote the bulk of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Denisenko, N.V., Blicher, M.E. Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Mar. Biodivers. 51, 73 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01213-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01213-9

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