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Tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida: Apseudidae) from southern Portugal with description of the new species Apseudopsis formosus, report of five first records and a biogeographic overview: unexpected expansion or understudied hotspot?

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Abstract

This study describes Apseudopsis formosus sp. nov., a new apseudomorph tanaidacean species from the Ria Formosa lagoon (southern Portugal). Species description was based on 223 individuals (22 juveniles, 60 males and 141 females), comprising diverse developmental stages (juveniles II, males I and II, preparatory, copulatory and intermediate females). The total length of the studied population ranged from 2.2 to 3.0 mm in juveniles, 2.5 to 4.8 mm in males and 2.9 to 4.9 mm in females. Overall, Apseudopsis formosus sp. nov. differs from congeneric tanaidaceans from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea by the presence of combined different morphological characters such as short pointed rostrum, posterolateral pointed corners on pereonites 2–6, hyposphenium only on pereonite 6, antennular outer flagellum 7- to 10-segmented, inner flagellum 3-segmented and five spines on propodus of pereopod 1, and sexual dimorphism evidenced by a pronounced mid-dorsal triangular wing-shaped protuberance on male merus cheliped, unique in Apseudopsis genus. At each studied developmental stage, some individuals presented abnormalities in spination, having only four spines in one of the propodus of pereopod 1. Additionally, five first records of Apseudopsis from the Algarve coast (A. adami, A. bacescui, A. elisae, A. mediterraneus and A. uncidigitatus) are reported for Portuguese waters. A biogeographic overview of the genus Apseudopsis is presented through the compilation and mapping of all worldwide reported occurrences. Passive dispersion can explain the most recent species distribution, yet not disregarding that the study area is taxonomically understudied. This study contributes to improve the current knowledge on tanaidacean taxonomy and updates the geographical distribution range of the Apseudopsis–complex.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Alexandra Cartaxana and to Begoña Sánchez Chillón for the helpful support with the deposit of the specimens of Apseudopsis formosus sp. nov. in the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência (MUHNAC), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal and in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Madrid, Spain, respectively. The authors greatly appreciate the invaluable help of Ascenção Ravara with the specimens’ preparation for the SEM imaging and equipment use techniques. The authors acknowledge the Editor of “Marine Biodiversity” (Dr. Stefanie Kaiser) and the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript.

Funding

This study was performed within the framework of the project “SNMB-Sul–Gestão das zonas de produção de moluscos bivalves da região algarvia” (MAR-02-01-02-FEAMP-0061), funded by the Portuguese Fisheries Operational Programme (Mar2020) and co-financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF 2014–2020). P. Esquete was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), under postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/94985/2013. Thanks are due, for the financial support to Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM, UID/AMB/50017), to FCT/MEC through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal

    André N. Carvalho, Fábio Pereira, David Piló & Miguel B. Gaspar

  2. Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    David Piló & Miguel B. Gaspar

  3. Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Patricia Esquete

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Carvalho, A.N., Pereira, F., Piló, D. et al. Tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida: Apseudidae) from southern Portugal with description of the new species Apseudopsis formosus, report of five first records and a biogeographic overview: unexpected expansion or understudied hotspot?. Mar. Biodivers. 49, 2813–2835 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-01011-4

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