Abstract
Hydrolagus macrophthalmus de Buen, 1959 is a little known chimaerid species from the southeastern Pacific Ocean. At the time of its description, it was the only chimaeroid species known from the region; however, there now are four other Hydrolagus species known from the area. Hydrolagus macrophthalmus is distinct from other species in the area based on the following characters: an undulated second dorsal fin with peaks on the anterior and posterior regions, a long curved first dorsal fin spine that extends past the origin of the second dorsal fin when laid flat, and uniform dark brown color with a light spot on middle of the second dorsal fin that extends onto the body below it. Genetic sequencing of the NADH2 gene was used to distinguish H. macrophthalmus from other known species in the region. This species is herein re-described and compared to four sympatric species: H. alphus, H. melanophasma, H. mccoskeri, and H. trolli. The redescription of this species will improve identification and aid in the taxonomic resolution of Southeastern Pacific Ocean chimaeras. A key to species of Hydrolagus in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean is provided.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
24 July 2019
The authors regret to have published the wrong Fig. 4 of this manuscript.
References
Aguirre-Villasenor H, Salas-Singh C, Madrid-Vera J, Martinez-Ortiz J, Didier DA, Ebert DA (2013) New eastern Pacific Ocean records of Hydrolagus melanophasma, with annotations of a juvenile female. J Fish Biol 82:714–724
Andrade I, Pequeno G (2006) Primer registro de Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy and Stehmann, 1990 (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeridae) en el Oceano Pacifico, con comentarios sobre los holocefalos de Chile. Rev Biol Mar Oceanogr 41(1):111–115
Angulo A, Lopez MI, Bussing WA, Murase A (2014) Records of chimaeroid fishes (Holecephali: Chimaeriformes) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, with description of a new species of Chimaera (Chimaeridae) from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 3861(6):554–574
Barnett LAK, Didier DA, Long DJ, Ebert DA (2006) Hydrolagus mccoskeri sp. nov., a new species of chimaeroid fish from the Galápagos Islands (Holocephali: Chimaeraformes: Chimaeridae). Zootaxa 1328:27–38
Bonaparte CL (1831) Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati. Presso Antonio, Boulzaler
Bustamante C, Flores H, Concha-Perez Y, Vargas-Caro C, Lamilla J, Bennett M (2012) First record of Hydrolagus melanophasma James, Ebert, Long and Didier, 2009 (Chondrichthyes, Chimaeriformes, Holocephali) from the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Lat Am J Aquat Res 40(1):236–242
Bustamante C, Vargas-Caro C, Bennett M (2014) Not all fish are equal: functional biodiversity of cartilaginous fishes (Elasmobranchii and Holocephali) in Chile. J Fish Biol 85(5):1617–1633
Chirichigno N (1968) Nuevos registros para la ictiofauna marina del Peru. Instituto del Mar del Peru Boletin 1(8):127p
Clerkin PJ, Ebert DA, Kemper JM (2017) New species of Chimaera (Chondricthyes: Holocephali: Chimaeriformes) from the southwestern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 4312(1):1–37
de Buen F (1959) Notas preliminaries sobre la fauna marina preabismal de Chile, con descripcion de una familia de rayas, dos generous y siete species nuevo. B Mus N Hist Nat 27(3):171–201
Didier DA, Séret B (2002) Chimaeroid fishes of New Caledonia with description of a new species of Hydrolagus (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali). Cybium 26(3):225–233
Didier DA, Kemper JM, Ebert DA (2012) Phylogeny, biology and classification of exant holocephalans. In: Carrier JC, Musick JA, Heithaus MR (eds) Biology of sharks and their relatives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 97–122
Ebert DA (2016) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the southeastern Pacific Ocean: FAO species catalogue for fishery purposes, No. 10. FAO, Rome, p 241
Ebert DA, Winton MV (2012) Chondrichthyans of high latitude seas. In: Carrier JC, Musick JA, Heithaus MR (eds) Biology of sharks and their relatives II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 115–158
Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, van der Laan R (2014) Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. Accessed 05 Mar 2018
Finucci B, White WT, Kemper JM, Naylor GJP (2018) Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chameriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region. Zootaxa 4375(2):191–210
Garman S (1901) Genera and families of the Chimaeroids. Proc New Engl Zool Club 2:75–77
Gonzalez-Acosta AF, Castro-Aguirre JL, Didier DA, Velez-Marin R, Burnes-Romo LA (2010) Occurance of Hydrolagus macrophthalmus (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali: Chimaeridae) in the northeastern Pacific. Rev Mex Biodivers 81:197–201
Hardy GS, Stehmann M (1990) A new deep-water ghost shark, Hydroalgus pallidus n. sp. (Holocephali, Chimaeridae), from the Eastern North Atlantic, and a redescription of Hydrolagus affinis (Brito Capello, 1867). Arch Fischereiwiss 40(3):229–248
Iglesias SP, Toulhoat L, Sellos DY (2010) Taxonomic confusion and market mislabeling of threatened skates: important consequences for their conservation status. Aquat Conserv 20:319–333
IUCN 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1. <http://www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 June 2016
James, K.C., Ebert, D.A. (2011) Hydrolagus melanophasma. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 18 November 2017
James KC, Ebert DA, Long DJ, Didier DA (2009) A new species of chimaera, Hydrolagus melanophasma sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeraformes: Chimaeridae), from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa 2218:59–68
Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma K, Miyata T (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res 30(14):3059–3066
Kemper JM, Ebert DA, Naylor G, Didier DA (2015) Chimaera carophila (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae), a new species of chimaera from New Zealand. Bull Mar Sci 2015 91(1):63–81
Kyne PM, Simpfendorfer CA (2012) Deepwater chondrichthyans. In: Carrier JC, Musick JA, Heithaus MR (eds) Biology of sharks and their relatives II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 37–115
Last PR, Stevens JD (2009) Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, p 656
Marshall AD, Compagno LJV, Bennett MB (2009) Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae). Zootaxa 2301:1–28
Pequeño G (1989) Peces de Chile. Lista sistemática revisada y comentada. Rev Biol Mar Oceanogr 24(2):1–132
Quaranta KL, Didier DA, Long DJ, Ebert DA (2006) A new species of chimaeroid, Hydrolagus alphus sp. nov. (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from the Galapagos Islands. Zootaxa 1377:33–45
Reichert AN, Lundsten L, Ebert DA (2016) First North Pacific records of the pointy nosed blue chimaera, Hydrolagus cf. trolli (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae). Mar Biodivers Rec 9(1):90
Sabaj MH (2016) Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology: an online reference. Version 6.5 (16 August 2016). Electronically accessible at http://www.asih.org/, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Washington, DC
Smart JJ, Chin A, Baje L, Green ME, Appleyard SA, Tobin AJ, Simpfendorfer CA, White WT (2016) Effects of including misidentified sharks in life history analyses: a case study on the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos from Papua New Guinea. PLoS One 11(4):1–18
Stamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30(9):1312–1313
Walovich KA, Ebert DA, Kemper JM (2017) Hydrolagus erithacus sp. nov. (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae), a new species of chimaerid from the southeaster Atlantic and southwestern Indian oceans. Zootaxa 4226(4):509–520
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dominique Didier (Millersville University) for general discussions related to this project, and James Lindholm (CSU Monterey Bay) and the students of the Pacific Shark Research Center including Paul Clerkin, Justin Cordova, Maddie Harris, Kelsey James, Melissa Nehmans, Amber Reichert, and Marty Schmidt who helped with data collection and/or manuscript review. Finally, Matthew Jew would like to extend the sincerest thanks to his parents Kathy and Fulton Jew for fostering a passion for science from a very young age.
Funding
This project was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Collaborative Research: Jaws and Backbone: Chondrichthyan Phylogeny and a Spine for the Vertebrate Tree of Life (DEB 1132229). This project was funded by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Center (UROC) at California State University, Monterey Bay.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors. Tissues were collected under the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Non-Living Tissue Protocol 2014D.
Sampling and field studies
All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the Acknowledgements, if applicable.
Additional information
Communicated by R. Thiel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jew, M., Ebert, D.A., Kemper, J.M. et al. Redescription of the bigeye chimaera, Hydrolagus macrophthalmus de Buen, 1959 (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes), with a genetic characterization of the species. Mar Biodiv 49, 1605–1614 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0911-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0911-8