Abstract
Larvae of Leptodius exaratus from an ovigerous female collected from the intertidal region of North Obhur, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were reared in the laboratory up to megalopa stage, and all the larval stages are described and illustrated. Mostly, former descriptions of this species were inconsistent, made about two decades before, and some were incomplete. Therefore, all the zoeal and megalopa stages of L. exaratus are redescribed and illustrated. The morphological features of the larvae of the present study were compared with those of the same species and L. affinis described from worldwide. The male gonopds of L. exaratus collected from the study sites are described and compared with those of the male gonopds of L. exaratus sensu lato described from elsewhere using SEM micrographs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Afkhami M, Schubart CD, Naderloo R (2016) Morphometric differentiation among populations of Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Brachyura, Xanthidae) from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Crustaceana 89(3):259–271
Al-Aidaroos AM, Al-Haj AE, Kumar AAJ (2014) Complete larval development of the brachyuran crab (Epixanthus Frontalis H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Eriphioidea, Oziidae) under laboratory conditions. Zootaxa 3815(1):29–50
Andryszak BL, Gore RH (1981) The complete larval development in the laboratory of Micropanope sculptipes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) with a comparison of larval characters in western Atlantic xanthid genera. Fish Bull 79(3):487–506
Chhapgar RF (1956) On the breeding habits and larval stages of some crabs of Bombay. Rec Indian Mus 54:33–52
Clark PF, Ng PKL (2006) First stage zoeas of Quadrella Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Trapeziidae) and their affinities with those of Tetralia Dana, 1851, and Trapezia Latreille, 1828. Hydrobiologia 560:267–294
Clark PF, Paula J (2003) Descriptions of ten xanthoidean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) first stage zoeas from Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Raff Bull Zool 51(2):323–378
Clark PF, Calazans DK, Pohle GW (1998) Accuracy and standardization of brachyuran larval descriptions. Invertebr Reprod Dev 33:127–144
Clark PF, Ng PKL, Noho H, Shokita S (2005) The first-stage zoeas of Carpilius convexus (Forska°l, 1775) and Carpilius maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Carpiliidae): an example of heterochrony. J Plankton Res 27(2):211–219
Costlow JD, Bookhout CG (1968) Larval development of the crab, Leptodius agassizii a. Milne Edwards in the laboratory (Brachyura, Xanthidae). Crustaceana (Supplement) 2:203–213
Cuesta J, Luppi T, Rodríguez A, Spivak E (2002) Morphology of the megalopal stage of Chasmagnathus granulatus Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Varunidae), with comments on morphological anomalies. Proc Biol Soc Washington 115:391–402
Fielder DR, Greenwood JG, Jones MM (1979) Larval development of the crab Leptodius exaratus (Decapoda, Xanthidae), reared in the laboratory. Proc R Soc Queensl 90:117–127
Galil B, Vannini M (1990) Research on the coast of Somalia: Xanthidae, Trapeziidae, Carpillidae, Mennipidae (Crustacea Brachyura). Trop Zool 3:21–56
Gardner C, Northam M (1997) Use of prophylactic treatments for larval rearing of giant crabs Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck). Aquaculture 158:203–214
Gardner C, Quintana R (1998) Larval development of the Australian giant crab Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda: Oziidae) reared in the laboratory. J Plankton Res 20(6):1169–1188
González-Gordillo JI, Tsuchida S, Schubart CD (2000) Redescription of the megalopa Plagusia dentipes (Brachyura: Plagusiidae) from Japan. Crustacean Res 29:143–151
Hayat MA (2000) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: biological applications, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kakati VS, Nayak VN (1977) Larval development of the xanthid crab, Ozius rugulosus rugulosus Stimpson (Decapoda, Brachyura) under laboratory conditions. Indian J Mar Sci 6:26–30
Ko HK, Clark PF (2002) The zoeal development of Nanocassiope granulipes (Sakai, 1939) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) described from laboratory-reared material. J Nat Hist 36:1463–1488
Lee SK, Mendoza JCE, Ng PKL, Kim W (2013) On the identity of the Indo-West Pacific littoral Xanthid crab, Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raff Bull Zool 61(1):189–204
Marco-Herrero E, Torres AP, Cuesta JA, Guerao G, Palero F, Abello P (2013) The systematic position of Ergasticus (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allied genera, a molecular and morphological approach. Norwegian Acad Sci Lett 42:427–439
Marco-Herrero E, González-Gordillo JI, Cuesta JA (2014) Morphology of the megalopa of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Panopeidae), identified by DNA barcode. Helgol Mar Res 68:201–208
Martin JW (1984) Notes and bibliography on the larvae of xanthid crabs, with a key to the known xanthid zoeae of the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Bull Mar Sci 34(2):220–239
Milne Edwards H (1834) Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l’anatomie, la physiologie et la classifi cation de ces animaux. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret (l) 1–35:1–468
Ng PKL, Clark PF (1994) The first stage zoea of Gaillardiellus orientalis (Odhner, 1925) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae: Actaeinae). Bull Raffles Mus 24(4):847–857
Ng PKL, Guinot D, Davie PJF (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raff Bull Zool, Suppl 17:1–286
Poupin J (2010) Biodiversité de l'Indo-Pacifique tropical français: 2514 espèces de crustacés décapodes et stomatopodes. Rapport scientifique. Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole Navale
Saba M (1976) Studies on the larvae of crabs of the family Xanthidae. I. On the larval development of Leptodius exaratus. Res Crustacea 7:57–67
Saba M, Takeda M, Nakasone Y (1978) Larval development of Baptozius vinosus (H, Milne Edwards). Proc Jpn Soc Syst Zool 14:25–38
Sakai T (1976) Crabs of Japan and the adjacent seas. Kodansha, Japan
Scotto LE (1979) Larval development of the Cuban stone crab, Menippe nodifrons (Brachyura, Xanthidae), under laboratory conditions with notes on the status of the family Menippidae. Fish Bull 77(2):359–386
Siddiqui FA, Tirmizi NM (1998) Morphology of the larval stages of Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Brachyura, Xanthidae) reared under laboratory conditions. Pakistan J Mar Sci 7(2):123–135
Spivak ED, Cuesta VN (2009) The effect of salinity on larval development of Uca tangeiri (Eydoux, 1835) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) and new findings of the zoeal morphology. Sci Mar 73(2):297–305
Stimpson W (1907) Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and Anomura) collected by the North Pacifi c exploring expedition, 1853–1856. Smithson Misc Collect 49:1–240
Suzuki H (1978) The larval development of Elisus laevimanus Randall (Crustacea, Brachyura, Xanthidae). La Mer Bull 16:176–187
Terada M (1980) Zoea larvae of four crabs in the family Xanthinae. Zool Mag 89:138–148 (In Japanese)
Trivedi JN, Vachhrajani KD (2015) First record of brachyuran crab Leptodius affinis (DeHaan, 1835) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthidae) from the western coast of India. Mar Biodivers Rec 8(e2):1–5
Tufail H, Hashmi SS (1964) Early developmental stages of Leptodius exaratus (Milne Edwards). Pakistan J Sci Ind Res 7(3):127–133
Wear RG (1968) Life history studies on New Zealand Brachyura. N Z J Mar Freshw Res 2(2):293–332
Acknowledgements
The scientific research cooperation between King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Faculty of Marine Sciences (FMS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and the Senckenberg Research Institute (SRI), Frankfurt, Germany, in the framework of the Red Sea Biodiversity Project, during which the present material was collected, was funded by KAU GRANT NO. “I/1/432-DSR”. The authors acknowledge, with thanks, KAU and SRI for technical and financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by M. Sonnewald
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Aidaroos, A.M., Kumar, A.A.J. & Al-Haj, A.E. Redescription of the larval stages of Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) from the Red Sea, with notes on the male gonopods. Mar Biodiv 47, 1171–1184 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0692-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0692-5