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Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover Change in the Coastal City of Mumbai

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Abstract

The rapid urbanization and land-use/land-cover (LU/LC) changes have resulted in the unplanned and unsustainable growth of the Indian cities. This has resulted in a number of environmental issues such as escalating the urban heat island (UHI) intensity over the cities. Therefore, this study was designed to model and quantify the UHI dynamics of Mumbai city in response to the LU/LC change during 1991–2018 using temporal Landsat datasets. The result shows a significant decline in vegetation cover from 215.8 to 129.27 km2, while the built-up areas have almost doubled, i.e., from 173.09 to 346.02 km2 in the Mumbai city during 1991–2018. As a consequence of this, a significant increase in the LST has been noticed in both urban heat island (UHI) and non-UHI zones. Although the areas under UHI zones have not increased significantly, the land surface temperature (LST) gap (difference between minimum and maximum LST) has declined in the Mumbai city from 30.04 °C in 1991 to 20.7 °C in 2018. Further, the minimum and mean LST over each LU/LC classes have also shown a significant increase. On the other hand, the regression analysis shows that the association between UHI and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) has increased in the city, while the association of vegetation density (NDVI) and normalized difference bareness index (NDBaI) has declined in the city. The study can provide useful insights into the process of urban planning and policy makings for urban spatial planning and UHI mitigation strategies.

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Acknowledgements

The first author of this research is grateful to the University Grant Commission (UGC) for providing the financial support in the form of Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) to carry out the Doctoral research. The authors also thank the US Geological Survey (USGS) for availing the satellite data freely accessible.

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  1. Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India

    Shahfahad, Mohd Rihan, Mohd Waseem Naikoo & Atiqur Rahman

  2. Department of Geography, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

    Mohd Akhter Ali

  3. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India

    Tariq Mahmood Usmani

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Shahfahad, Rihan, M., Naikoo, M.W. et al. Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover Change in the Coastal City of Mumbai. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 49, 2227–2247 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01394-7

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