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Improving zinc and iron density and estimated human bioavailability in rice grain through fertilization

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Abstract

Micronutrient deficiency in human nutrition is widening in the developing world especially where cereals are the major calorie intake source. A study was conducted comprising pot and field experiments on rice. Rice pot experiment was conducted using differing levels of Zn and Fe (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mg kg−1 soil) fertilization. Maximum grain yield was with Zn + Fe@5 + 2.5 mg kg−1 (39%) over control. Highest significant increase in grain Zn and Fe density was attained with Zn and Fe@7.5 mg kg−1. Best performing treatments in pots were applied in the field experiment. It included different levels of zinc and iron alone (10, 15 kg ha−1) and in combinations (10 + 5, 5 + 10 kg ha−1) and a control (without Zn and Fe). Maximum grain yield was found with Zn + Fe@10 + 5 kg ha−1 soil, 30% increase over control. Zinc and Fe contents were at maximum (37.9 and 34.2 µg g−1) with Zn@15 kg ha−1 and Fe@5 + 10 kg ha−1, respectively. Estimated human bioavailability of Zn augmented by 64% over control with Zn@15 kg ha−1. Iron bioavailability improved as [phytate]:[Fe] decreased significantly. Conclusively, zinc and iron fertilization along with recommended macronutrients is suitable for improving Zn and Fe density and human bioavailability in rice grain.

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Data Availability

This statement relates to increase in rice grain yields over control as a result of Zn and Fe fertilization as data presented in table 1 and 3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Majid Rahim, Khalid Saifullah Khan & Shahzada Sohail Ijaz

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Zahid Akram

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  1. Majid Rahim
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  2. Khalid Saifullah Khan
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Rahim, M., Khan, K.S., Ijaz, S.S. et al. Improving zinc and iron density and estimated human bioavailability in rice grain through fertilization. Arab J Geosci 16, 224 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11303-6

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