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Evaluation of tectonic activity in the Kopongo area, southwestern Cameroon: insights from geomorphic indices, remote sensing, and GIS

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Abstract

Geomorphologic investigations were undertaken in the Kopongo region, located in the northwestern margin of the Congo craton. The study carry out on the Kopongo, a portion of the Cameroonian passive margin (3°53′–4°05′N, 10°06′–10°19′E), aims to examine the topographic and hydrographic anomalies through the use of geomorphic indices combined with geographic information systems, field observations, and literature data for the categorization of the relative index of active tectonics. Geomorphic and morphotectonic evaluations of this area have been carried out by implicating different geomorphic indices such as hypsometric parameters, relative tectonic uplift, basin shape, asymmetry factor, bifurcation ratio, and valley floor width to valley height ratio. The results obtained show that the region includes areas of high (14.89%), moderate (72.71%), and low (12.33%) tectonic activity zones. This inequitable distribution of the relative tectonic activity is caused by variations of tectonic uplift (0.16–0.68) and tilting (0.06–35.6). A strong correlation is seen between structural patterns and field morphotectonic indices such as river and channel anomalies, V-shaped valleys, hill tiltings, and young topographies. This indicates an influence of neotectonic uplift rates dating from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary. The origin of neotectonics along this passive margin correlates with the high volcanic activity along the Cameroon Volcanic Line, which is a consequence of the mechanical behavior of the lithosphere beneath West-Central Africa. The Kopongo area is more influenced by high and moderate tectonic activity. Thus, it appears that this area has been rejuvenated due to interactions with climate, lithology, and neotectonic activities.

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Acknowledgements

This work represents an integrated part of the first author’s thesis at the University of Yaounde I, which was supported and financed by the Compagnie Minière du Cameroun. The authors are grateful to the editors and anonymous reviewers for providing reviews and comments to improve this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Thierry Abou’ou Ango, Bernard Njom & Joseph Mvondo Ondoa

  2. Compagnie Minière du Cameroun, BP 35561, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    Thierry Abou’ou Ango

  3. Institut de Recherches Géologiques Et Minières, BP 4110 Nlongkak, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    Mero Yannah

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, ETSICCP, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Rachid El Hamdouni

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  1. Thierry Abou’ou Ango
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  2. Mero Yannah
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  3. Rachid El Hamdouni
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  4. Bernard Njom
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  5. Joseph Mvondo Ondoa
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Correspondence to Thierry Abou’ou Ango.

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Abou’ou Ango, T., Yannah, M., Hamdouni, R.E. et al. Evaluation of tectonic activity in the Kopongo area, southwestern Cameroon: insights from geomorphic indices, remote sensing, and GIS. Arab J Geosci 16, 175 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11242-2

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