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Comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of ambient air quality of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, Kolkata (West Bengal, India) during 2017–2020

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Abstract

Air pollutants are constantly increasing with rapid industrial development and growing population pressure in Kolkata City. The present study is undertaken to understand the temporal and spatial variations of particulate matter (PM) 2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the City of Kolkata from 2017 to 2020. For analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of the ambient air quality data, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 were collected from West Bengal Pollution Control Board and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at eight sample locations. The spatial locations of each selected monitoring station were fed to the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the distance indicates the time difference between two data series observations, allowing for temporal analysis of pollutant fluctuation. The radial basis function (RBF) method was used to estimate the spatial distribution of pollutant levels for each of the sample locations. Mean standardized error (MSE) and a root mean square standardize error (RMSSE) were used in selecting the model fit that estimates the air pollutants distribution. The highest SO2 concentration is recorded from Cossipore Police Station, B.T. Road. The highest value of PM2.5 is collected from Moulali and Salt Lake region. There is a significant correlation analysis between NO2 and minimum temperature (R2 = 0.759; P < 0.0002), maximum temperature (R2 = 0.916; P < 0.000), and rainfall (R2 = 0.459; P < 0.015). The concentration of NO2 exceeds the limits as per the standard of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in the small pockets east of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). The concentration values were maximal in the KMC situated in the north and east of the KMC. The minimum concentration was observed in the southeast part and extended to the small pockets the west of the KMC. The results of this study could provide a scientific basis for rational decisions in the design of industrial urban planning, improving the quality of environmental air, and responding actively to environmental pollution.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to CPCB and WBPCB officials for freely providing air quality data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Paschim Medinipur, 721424, India

    Gouri Sankar Bhunia

  2. Raja NL Khan Women’s College, Vidyasagar University, Gope Palace, Vidyasagar University Road, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, 721102, India

    Anitabha Ghosh & Pravat Kumar Shit

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  1. Gouri Sankar Bhunia
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Bhunia, G.S., Ghosh, A. & Shit, P.K. Comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of ambient air quality of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, Kolkata (West Bengal, India) during 2017–2020. Arab J Geosci 15, 1782 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-11081-7

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