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Geochemical features and petrology of ignimbrite deposits from Bamenda volcano, Western Highlands of the Cameroon Volcanic Line

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Abstract

This study presents mineralogical, major, and trace element data for ten samples of ignimbrite matrix, one of fiamme and fourteen samples of rock enclave from Bamenda volcano ignimbritic formations situated in the Western Cameroon Highland (central part of Cameroon Volcanic Line). The mineralogy of the deposits comprises alkali feldspars, plagioclase, quartz, clinopyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and oxides (titanohematite, titanite, goethite, pseudorutile, ilmenorutile, and ilmenite). Subangular fragments of trachytes, rhyolites, ignimbrites, and fiammes and debris of glass are found in these deposits. The representative matrix samples and enclaves are rhyolitic in composition and both peralkaline (PI > 1) and alkaline (PI ≤ 1). Like other felsic and mafic lavas of the Bamenda volcano, the studied ignimbrites and their enclaves show an evolution dominated by fractional crystallization (FC). The later petrogenetic process is highlighted by the minor variation in Ce/Zr, Th/Nb, and La/Yb ratios for the Bamenda volcano ignimbrites (0.12–0.81, 0.08–0.33, 12.60–45.40, respectively) and the Western Cameroon Highlands (WCH) lavas (0.05–1.11, 0.04–0.2, 16.1–37.91, respectively). The low La/Nb (0.5–3.45) and Th/La (0.04–0.25) values in the ignimbrites, positive to negative Zr–Hf (0.25–1.73) and Nb–Ta (0.3–1.14) anomalies, negative Eu spikes, and low Th/Ce ratios (0.02–0.12) underline an intervention of crustal contamination in the petrogenetic processes, though their high Rb/Sr ratios (0.30–182.88) and weak ratios of LILE/HFSE compared to the very high value of the same ratios in the Pan-African country rocks preclude their melting from this Pan-African basement.

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Acknowledgements

Matsumae International Foundation (MIF) Fellowship Program provided partial funding to some aspects of this work. We thank the editors; Abdullah Al-Amri and Domenico Doronzo for proper handling and important observations made to improve the previous version. Comments and suggestions from Andrea Marzoli and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life and Earth Sciences, High Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box. 55, Maroua, Cameroon

    Merlin Gountié Dedzo

  2. Laboratory of Environmental Geology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Eric Martial Fozing

  3. Centro de Investigación Científica Y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), División de Ciencias de La Tierra, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, # 3918, Col. Pedregal Playitas, CP, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México

    Boris Chako-Tchamabé

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon

    Pierre Christel Biakan à Nyotok, Djamilatou Diddi Hamadjoda & Ghislain Zangmo Tefogoum

  5. Department of Mines, Ministry of Mines, Industry and Technological Development, P.O. Box 70, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Asobo Nkengmatia Elvis Asaah

  6. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan

    Asobo Nkengmatia Elvis Asaah

  7. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, B.P. 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Pierre Kamgang

  8. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, 259-1211, Japan

    Takeshi Ohba

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  1. Merlin Gountié Dedzo
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Gountié Dedzo, M., Fozing, E.M., Chako-Tchamabé, B. et al. Geochemical features and petrology of ignimbrite deposits from Bamenda volcano, Western Highlands of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Arab J Geosci 15, 643 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09928-0

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