Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution and genesis of fluorite mineralization in the Ouenza region (North-east of Algeria): evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes (C, O, and S)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Ouenza region represents the most important zone for Fe-Pb–Zn (Ba, F, Cu) mineralization in Algeria. The hematitezed iron (siderite) mineralization is mostly controlled by diapiric structures hosted in carbonate sedimentary rocks of the Lower Cretaceous. Polymetallic mineralization (Pb–Zn-Ba, F, Cu) is mainly in epigenetic vein fillings and fractures. Most of the ore bodies are structurally controlled by NE-SW-trending faults. The study of fluid inclusions using Raman and cryo-Raman data in the fluorite and quartz associated with the mineralization confirms the existence of CO2 in the inclusions. The presence of CO2 associated with CH4 and graphite trapped in the fluid inclusions of the fluorite deposited suggest an epigenetic origin for these mineral deposits and allows to characterize the fluid responsible for the fluorite and other associated mineralization deposits. The methods used in this study, including micrometry, Raman, cryo-Raman, and crush leaching, and stable isotopes of sulfur, carbon, and oxygen, suggest an epigenetic origin for these mineral deposits allow the characterization of the fluid responsible for the fluorite deposits and other associated mineralization. The presence of graphite entrapped in the fluid inclusions of the fluorite deposits results from diapiric upward from the basement. Two stages of fluids were examined: (1) an SiO2-rich fluid deposited black quartz crystals with solid inclusions of calcite (H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 system) and CO2 in the vapor phase and (2) a second fluid flowed to depth, recharged with fluorite, sulfide, and sulfate deposited quartz, fluorite, barite, and galena. The crush leaching study in the barite, fluorite, and siderite samples shows lower values of Cl/Br. These results suggest that halite dissolution compared to the Cl/Br ratio varies between 1330 and 9641. The stable isotope results of calcite associated with fluorite and galena mineralization are between 2.6 and − 1.0‰ for δ13CPDB and between 17.0 and 25.5‰ for δ18OSMOW. The values obtained for δ34SCDT in barite range from + 20.8 to + 23.2‰. The combined results suggest that fluids responsible for mineralization are related to basin fluids (formation water) similar to those usually reported for Mississippi Valley (MVT) deposits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aoudjehane M (1991) Distribution des gîtes à Pb-Zn et fer sidéritique dans le NE algérien. 25 Years Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, Anniversary Meeting, 419–422

  • Bakker RJ (2003) Package FLUIDS 1. Computer programs for analysis of fluid inclusion data and for modelling bulk fluid properties. Chem Geol 194:3–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker RJ (2004) Raman spectra of fluid and crystal mixtures in the systems H2O, H2O–NaCl and H2O–MgCl2 at low temperatures: applications to fluid-inclusion research. Can Mineral 42(5):1283–1314

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker RJ, Baumgartner M (2012) Unexpected phase assemblages in inclusions with ternary H 2 O-salt fluids at low temperatures. Central Eur J Geosci 4(2):225–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker RJ, Diamond LW (2006) Estimation of volume fractions of liquid and vapor phases in fluid inclusions, and definition of inclusion shapes. Am Miner 91(4):635–657

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner M, Bakker RJ (2009) Raman spectroscopy of pure H 2 O and NaCl-H 2 O containing synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz—a study of polarization effects. Miner Petrol 95(1):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner M, Bakker RJ (2010) Raman spectra of ice and salt hydrates in synthetic fluid inclusions. Chem Geol 275(1–2):58–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottrell S, Yardley BW, Buckley F (1988) A modified crush-leach method for the analysis of fluid inclusion electrolytes. Bull Minér 111(3):279–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouhlel S, Fortuné JP, Guilhaumou N, Touray JC (1988) Les minéralisations stratiformes à F-Ba de Hammam Zriba, Jebel Guébli (Tunisie nord orientale): l’apport des études d’inclusions fluides à la modélisation génétique. Miner Deposita 23(3):166–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutaleb A (2001) Les Minéralisations à Pn-Zn du domaine Setifien-Hodna

  • Boutaleb A, Aissa DE, Marignac C (2006) Caractérisation microthermométrique des minéralisations à Pb-Zn (f et ba) de Aïn kahla (Hodna)-NE Algerien. Bull Serv Géol Algérie 17(2):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutaleb A, AÏssa DE, Touahri B (1999) Les gîtes plombo-zincifères du Hodna: minéralisations comparables au type «Vallée du Mississipi» (Nord-Est Algérien). Bull Serv Géol Algérie 10(1):55–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouzenoune A (1993) Minéralisations péridiapiriques de l’Aptien calcaire: les carbonates de fer du gisement hématitique de l’Ouenza (Algérie orientale). Paris 6

  • Bouzenoune A (2018) Geochemical Characters of the Fluids Involved in the Genesis of the Tebessa Region Mineralizations (North-East Algeria). Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 69–73

  • Bouzenoune A, Lécolle P (1997) Petrographic and geochemical arguments for hydrothermal formation of the Ouenza siderite deposit (NE Algeria). Miner Deposita 32(2):189–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouzenoune A, Rouvier H, Thibieroz J (1995) Trias de I’Ouenza: contexte diapirique, zonation minéralogique et conséquences métallogéniques. Bulletin Du Service Géologique De L’algérie 6(1):3–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouzenoune A, Rouvier H, Thibiéroz J (2006) Chronologie relative et conditions de mise en place des mineralisations du massif de l’Ouenza (algérienne). Bulletin Du Service Géologique De L’algérie 17(1):3–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke EA (2001) Raman microspectrometry of fluid inclusions. Lithos 55(1–4):139–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter AB, Trout MI, Pickett EE (1976) Preliminary report on the origin and chemical evolution of lead and zinc rich oil field brines in central Mississippi. Econ Geol 69:1191–1206

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter B (1985) Origin of Na-Ca-Cl brines in Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs of Gulf Coast. AAPG Bull 69(2):242

    Google Scholar 

  • Charef A, Sheppard SMF (1987) Pb-Zn mineralization associated with diapirism: fluid inclusion and stable isotope (H, C, O) evidence for the origin and evolution of the fluids at Fedj-El-Adoum, Tunisia. Chem Geol 61(1–4):113–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherniak DJ, Zhang XY, Wayne NK, Watson EB (2001) Sr, Y, and REE diffusion in fluorite. Chem Geol 181(1–4):99–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1963) The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 27(1):43–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton RN, Mayeda TK (1983) Oxygen isotopes in eucrites, shergottites, nakhlites, and chassignites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 62(1):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Demir Y, Bayraktar K (2020) Geochemistry, microthermometry, and C and O isotope constraints on the origin of the Düzköy Fe-Cu skarn deposit (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey). Arab J Geosci 13(23):1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Demir Y, Dişli A (2020) Fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints (C, O, H) on the Dağbaşı Fe–Cu–Zn skarn mineralization (Trabzon, NE Turkey). Ore Geol Rev 116:103235

    Google Scholar 

  • Demir Y, Uysal İ, Kandemir R, Jauss A (2017) Geochemistry, fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints (C and O) of the Sivrikaya Fe-skarn mineralization (Rize, NE Turkey). Ore Geol Rev 91:153–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Diane E, Perthuisot V (1996) Première approche des conditions de genèse des minéralisations à Pb-Zn du Djebel Mesloula (Est algérien): étude microthermométrique des inclusions fluides primaires de la calcite. Bull Serv Géol Algérie 7(1):59–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Dill HG, Nolte N, Hansen BT (2014) Lithology, mineralogy and geochemical characterizations of sediment-hosted Sr–F deposits in the eastern Neo-Tethyan region–With special reference to evaporation and halokinesis in Tunisia. J Afr Earth Sc 92:76–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Duan Z, Møller N, Weare JH (1992) An equation of state for the CH4-CO2-H2O system: I. Pure systems from 0 to 1000 C and 0 to 8000 bar. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56(7):2605–2617

  • Dubessy J, Audeoud D, Wilkins R, Kosztolanyi C (1982) The use of the Raman microprobe MOLE in the determination of the electrolytes dissolved in the aqueous phase of fluid inclusions. Chem Geol 37(1–2):137–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubessy J, Poty B, Ramboz C (1989) Advances in COHNS fluid geochemistry based on micro-Raman spectrometric analysis of fluid inclusions. Eur J Mineral 1(4):517–534

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubourdieu G (1956) Etude géologique de la région de l’Ouenza (confins algéro-tunisiens). Thèse Sci Paris Publ Serv Carte géol Algérie, n s Bull, n 10:659

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubourdieu G (1959) Esquisse géologique du Djebel Mesloula (Algérie orientale). Publ Serv Carte géol Algérie, n s Bull, n 21:162

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontes JC, Matray JM (1993) Geochemistry and origin of formation brines from the Paris Basin, France: 1. Brines associated with Triassic salts. Chem Geol 109(1–4):149–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparrini M, Bechstädt T, Boni M (2006) Massive hydrothermal dolomites in the southwestern Cantabrian Zone (Spain) and their relation to the Late Variscan evolution. Mar Pet Geol 23(5):543–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Guiraud M, Holland T, Powell R (1990) Calculated mineral equilibria in the greenschist-blueschist-eclogite facies in Na 2 O− FeO− MgO− Al 2 O 3− SiO 2− H 2 O. Contrib Mineral Petrol 104(1):85–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddouche O (2003) Contribution à l'étude géologique et gitologique des minéralisations à Pb-Zn, Fe (Ba-Sr) d'El Ouasta (Atlas Saharien oriental, Algérie). Thèse Magister. Université de Bab Ezzouar USTHB. Algérie

  • Haddouche O, Boutaleb A, Chemam M, Ysbaa S, Hammouche H, Dj Boubaya (2016) Pb-Zn (Ba) deposits of the oriental Saharan Atlas (north-east of Algeria): distribution, control and implications for mining exploration. Arab J Geosci 9(5):422

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddouche O (2010) Les minéralisations à Ba, Pb-Zn, Cu, Hg liées au segment NE du Djebel Azreg-Djebel Khenchela (NE de l’Algérie) : géologie, gitologie et apport de l’étude des inclusions fluides. Thèse de Docteur en Géologie FSTGAT/USTHB, 175p

  • Haddouche O, Boutaleb A, Hébert R, Picard D, Sami L (2004) Les minéralisations à Pb-Zn, Fe, Ba (Sr) d’El Ouasta (Algérie Nord Oriental): Typologie et apport des études d’inclusions fluides. Bull Serv Géol Algérie 15(2):87–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatira N (1988) Les concentrations de Zn, Pb, Sr,(Ba) dans le cortex des diapirs de Trias salifère: exemple du diapir de Sakiet-Koucha (Tunisie septentrionale): comparaison avec d’autres massifs tunisiens et avec les cap-rocks de la Gulf Coast (USA). Paris 6

  • Hoefs J, Müller G, Schuster KA, Walde D (1987) The FeMn ore deposits of Urucum, Brazil: An oxygen isotope study. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section 65(3–4):311–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Horita J, Friedman TJ, Lazar B, Holland HD (1991) The composition of Permian seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55(2):417–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Jemmali N, Souissi F, Carranza EJM, Vennemann TW (2013) Sulfur and lead isotopes of Guern Halfaya and BouGrine deposits (Domes zone, northern Tunisia): Implications for sources of metals and timing of mineralization. Ore Geol Rev 54:17–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazi-Tani N (1986) Evolution géodynamique de la bordure nord-africaine: le domaine intraplaque nord-algérien: approche megaséquentielle. Univ. Pau (France)

  • Keir-Sage E, Leybourne MI, Jugo PJ, Grobler DF, Mayer CC (2021) Assessing the extent of local crust assimilation within the Flatreef, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, using sulfur isotopes and trace element geochemistry. Miner Deposita 56(1):91–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Knaack DR, Leybourne MI, Layton-Matthews D, McDonald AM, Vuletich A, Chipley D, Pufahl PK (2020) Manganese nodules NOD-A-1 and NOD-P-1: Implications of pre-treatment on oxygen isotopes and mineralogy. Chem Geol 558:119924

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolli O, El Gouttob O, Boutaleb A, Sami (2008) Etude préliminaire du filon à barytine de Sidi Semiane (Région de Cherchel, SW d’Alger, Algérie). 22 Ème RST, Nancy (Fr), 573

  • Kolli O, Cheilletz A, Gasquet D, Marignac C, Tefiani M (1993) Le conglomérat tertiaire à galets pseudomorphosés en barytine de la Dorsale kabyle, région de Keddara (Algérie du Nord). Chronique De La Recherche Minière 513:19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolli O, Saupe F, Marignac C, Cheilletz A, Gasquet D (1999) The Ba-F-(Pb-Cu) vein-type and replacement ore deposits in the Western Djurdjura, Algeria: Structural setting, fluid inclusions and sulphur isotopes. Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing, Stanley et Al (eds) Balkema, Rotterdam, 877–880

  • Krumgalz BS (1993) “Fingerprints” approach to the identification of anthropogenic trace metal sources in the nearshore and estuarine environments. Estuaries 16(3):488–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Laffite R (1939) Etude de géologie de l’Aurès. Doctorat ès Sciences Paris. Bull Serv Carte Géol Algérie 1re Série 15:484

  • Land LS, Prezbindowski DR (1981) The origin and evolution of saline formation water, Lower Cretaceous carbonates, south-central Texas, USA. J Hydrol 54(1–3):51–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Laouar R, Salmi-Laouar S, Sami L, Boyce AJ, Kolli O, Boutaleb A, Fallick AE (2016) Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of the Mesloula Pb-Zn-Ba ore deposit, NE Algeria: Characteristics and origin of the mineralizing fluids. J Afr Earth Sc 121:119–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Leach DL (1993) Mississipi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits. Geol Assoc Canada Spec Paper 40:289–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y (2017) Immiscible C-H-O fluids formed at subduction zone conditions. Geochem Perspectives Letters 3(1):12–21. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luque FJ, Crespo-Feo E, Barrenechea JF, Ortega L (2012) Carbon isotopes of graphite: Implications on fluid history. Geosci Front 3(2):197–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Machel HG (2001) Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings—old and new insights. Sed Geol 140(1–2):143–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Makin S (2017) Developing fluorite as a geochemical pathfinder mineral using globally reported REE-Y contents. Science: Department of Earth Sciences

  • Marmi R, Guiraud R (2006) End Cretaceous to recent polyphased compressive tectonics along the “Mole Constantinois” and foreland (NE Algeria). J Afr Earth Sci 45(1):123–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Otmanine A (1987) Les minéralisations en fluorine, barytine, pb, zn et fe sidéritique autour du fossé de tebessa-morsott (Algérie). Relations entre paléogéographie albo-aptiènne, diapirisme, structure et métallogénie (Doctoral dissertation, Thèse de 3ème Cycle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France). Paris 6

  • Paraire-Akrour H (1991) Fluid inclusions of the F-Ba-Pb late paragenesis of borders of the Ouenza, Mesloula, Hameimat ed Dahra diapirs (NE Algeria). 25 Years Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, Anniversary Meeting, 219–222

  • Perthuisot V, Hatira NOURI, Rouvier H, Steinberg M (1987) Concentration metallique (Pb, Zn) sous un surplomb diapirique; exemple du Jebel Bou Khil (Tunisie septentrionale). Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France 3(6):1153–1160

    Google Scholar 

  • Perthuisot V (1992) Les diapirs du Maghreb central et oriental : des diapirs variés, résultats d’une évolution structurale et pétrogénétique complexe. Bull Soc Géol, France 163(6):751–760

    Google Scholar 

  • Perthuisot V, Rouvier H, Smati N (1988) Style et importance des deformations antevraconiennes dans le Maghreb oriental; exemple du diapir du Jebel Slata (Tunisie centrale). Bull Soc Geol Fr 4(3):391–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Perthuisot V (1978) Dynamique et pétrogenèse des extrusions triasiques en Tunisie septentrionale

  • Pohl W, Amouri M, Kolli O, Scheffer R, Zachmann D (1986) A new genetic model for the North African metasomatic siderite deposits. Mineraliumdeposita 21(3):228–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder E (1984) The fluids in salt. Am Miner 69(5–6):413–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder E (1990) Fluid inclusion analysis—prologue and epilogue. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54(3):495–507

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouvier H (1990) Les concentrations polymétalliques liées aux diapirs évaporitiques des confins algéro-tunisiens. Rapport Interne EREM, Boumerdes-Algérie, 71p

  • Rouvier H, Rouvier H, Mansouri A (1985) Pb-Zn deposits and salt-bearing diapirs in Southern Europe and North Africa. EconomicGeology 80(3):666–687

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmi-Laouar S (2004) Contribution à l`étude géologique et géochimie des isotopes stables (S,O,C) des minéralisations polymétalliques (Zn, Pb, F, Ba, Fe, Hg) de la «zone des diapires» du nord de Tébessa (NE Algérien). Nouvelles Thèse de Doctorat. Univ. Badji-Mokhtar, Annaba, Algérie, 190 p

  • Sami L (2004) Contribution à l’étude géologique et gitologique des minéralisations à Pb-Zn, Ba et F dans la région de Méskiana: Exemple des indices d’Es Souabaa et de M’Khiriga, (Atlas Saharien oriental). FSTGAT, USTHB Bab Ezzouar Alger

  • Sami L (2011) Caractérisation géochimique des minéralisations à Pb-Zn, F, Ba, Cu, Fe et Hg des confins Algéro-tunisiens. Alger

  • Schoell M (1984) Recent advances in petroleum isotope geochemistry. Org Geochem 6:645–663

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd TJ, Allen PM (1985) Metallogenesis in the Harlech Dome, North Wales: A fluid inclusion interpretation. Mineral Deposita 20:159–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Smati A (1986) Les gisements de Pb-Ba et de Fe du Jebel Slata (Tunisie du Centre-Nord): minéralisations épigénétiques dans le crétacé nérétique de la bordute d’un diapir de trias: gisements de Sidi Amor Ben Salem et de Slata-Fer. Paris 6

  • Souissi F, Souissi R, Dandurand JL (2010) The Mississippi Valley-type fluorite ore at Jebel Stah (Zaghouan district, north-eastern Tunisia): contribution of REE and Sr isotope geochemistries to the genetic model. Ore GeologyReviews 37(1):15–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Thibieroz J, Madre M (1976) Le gisement de sidérite du Djebel Ouenza (Algérie) est contrôlé par un golf de la mer aptienne. Bull Soc Hist Nat Afrique du Nord, Alger 67(fasc 3–4):126–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Touahri B (1987) Géochimie et métallogénie des minéralisations à plomb et zinc du nord de l’Algérie. Paris 6

  • Touray J-C, Marcoux E, Hubert P, Proust D (1989) Hydrothermal processes and ore-forming fluids in the Le Bourneix gold deposit, central France. Econ Geogr 84(5):1328–1339

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret JLR (2001) Fluids in metamorphic rocks. Lithos 55(1–4):1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Kerkhof AM, Olsen SN (1990) A natural example of superdense CO2 inclusions: microthermometry and Raman analysis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54(3):895–901

    Google Scholar 

  • Vila J-M (1980) La chine alpine d’algérie oriontale et des confins Algéro-Tunisiens. Toulouse

  • Vila JM (1994) Mise au point et données nouvelles sur les terrains triasiques des confins algéro-tunisiens, Trias allochtone,«glaciers de sel» sous marins et vrais diapirs. Mémoire Du Service Géologique de l’Algérie 6:105–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson JJ (2001) Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos 55(1–4):229–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh HW, Epstein S (1981) Hydrogen and carbon isotopes of petroleum and related organic matter. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45(5):753–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Ysbaa S, Haddouche O, Boutaleb A, Sami L, Kolli O (2021) Mineralization and fluid inclusion characteristics of Pb-Zn-Fe-Ba (Cu, F, Sr) ore-deposits in northern east of Algeria. Arab J Geosci 14(11):1–13

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallogeny and Magmatism Laboratory, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria

    Aboulyakdane Bakelli, Lounis Sami, Abdelhak Boutaleb, Omar Kolli & Omar Haddouche

  2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Mouloud Mammeri, 15000, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria

    Lounis Sami

  3. Department of Geological Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey

    Yilmaz Demir

  4. Technical University of Konya, Konya, Turkey

    Veysel Zedef

Authors
  1. Aboulyakdane Bakelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lounis Sami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abdelhak Boutaleb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Omar Kolli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Omar Haddouche
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yilmaz Demir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Veysel Zedef
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Omar Haddouche.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Domenico M. Doronzo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bakelli, A., Sami, L., Boutaleb, A. et al. Evolution and genesis of fluorite mineralization in the Ouenza region (North-east of Algeria): evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes (C, O, and S). Arab J Geosci 15, 514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09726-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09726-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation