Abstract
In coastal engineering, predicting seabed erosion and deposition can help understand hydrodynamic changes of the coastal area. The present work aims to address the prevalent challenge that there is often a shortage of measured data in coastal areas. In this paper, a new seabed erosion and deposition formula with four forms is proposed and combined with 2D hydrodynamic harbor engineering simulation of Daishan Island situated in Zhejiang province, China. The simulation shows that (1) in the open channel, the proposed new formula considers the friction coefficient before and after trenching, thus providing a more accurate prediction result; (2) in the sheltered channels, the proposed new formula can roughly estimate the deposition intensity; (3) in the basin entrance, the proposed new formula provides an estimation better aligned with reality than existing formulae. Meanwhile, the recovery saturation coefficient is not a constant; it can be set at 0.31 in the obtained formulas for calculations during the back silting, and at 0.11 during scouring. Therefore, the proposed new formula provides an improved solution to prediction of seabed erosion and deposition and is applicable to Daishan coastal area in different situations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Ruijie Li, upon reasonable request.
References
Alfy Morcos F (1995) The impact of human activities on the erosion and accretion of the Nile Delta Coast. J Coastal Res 11:821–833. https://doi.org/10.2307/4298383
Ahn J, Yen H (2015) Semi-two dimensional numerical prediction of non-equilibrium sediment transport in reservoir using stream tubes and theory of minimum stream power. KSCE J Civ Eng 19:1922–1929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0098-x
Benjankar R, Yager EM (2012) The impact of different sediment concentrations and sediment transport formulas on the simulated floodplain processes. J Hydrol 450–451:230–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.009
Cao ZD, Kong LS (2004) Siltation calculation for open channel. J Waterw Harbor 25:737–737 (in Chinese)
Cao ZD, Xiao H (2010) Seabed evolution forecast by hydrologic data. Port Waterw Eng 438:27–30 (in Chinese)
Cao HS, Pan XS, Wang Y, Li CH, Zhang YF (2018) A general sediment carrying capacity formula and its analysis. J Coastal Res 83:791–795. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI83-129.1
Charlier RH, Chaineux MCP, Morcos S (2005) Panorama of the history of coastal protection. J Coastal Res 21:79–111. https://doi.org/10.2112/03561.1
Chen D, Wang YG, Huang HM, Chen C, Yuan CG (2017) A behavior-oriented formula to predict coastal bathymetry evolution caused by coastal engineering. Cont Shelf Res 135:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.01.013
Derakhshannia M, Dalvand S, Asakereh B, Ostad-Ali-Askari K (2020) Corrosion and deposition in Karoon River, Iran, based on hydrometric stations. Int J Hydrol Sci Technol 10:334–345. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.2020.108264
Ding PX, Hu K, Kong YZ (2003) Numerical simulation of total sediment under waves and currents in the Changjiang Estuary. Acta Oceanol Sin 25:113–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-003-0089-1
Ding J, Hu GD, Wang ZX, Shi J, Wu DA (2020) Fluid mud measurement and siltation analysis in a trial excavated channel in the approach channel of the Xiangshan Port. China Ocean Eng 34:421–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-020-0038-0
Dou GR, Dong FW, Dou XB (1995) Sediment transport capacity of tidal currents and waves. Chin Sci Bull 40:14096–1101
Douillet P, Ouillon S, Cordier E (2001) A numerical model for fine suspended sediment transport in the southwest lagoon of New Caledonia. Coral Reefs 20:361–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-001-0193-6
Dyer KR, Soulsby RL (1988) Sand transport on the continental shelf. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 20:295–324. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.20.010188.001455
Frisch U (2006) Fully developed turbulence and intermittency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 357:359–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb29703.x
Gao T, Li GX, Shi JH, Dong P, Liu J (2010) A flume test on erosion mechanism for an abandoned section of the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 28:684–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9053-y
George DA, Hill PS (2008) Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand–mud transition: a global survey. Mar Geol 254:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005
Gharibreza M, Habibi A, Imamjomeh SR, Ashraf MA (2014) Coastal processes and sedimentary facies in the Zohreh River Delta (Northern Persian Gulf). CATENA 122:150–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.06.010
Golian M, Katibeh H, Singh VP, Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Rostami HT (2020) Prediction of tunnelling impact on flow rates of adjacent extraction water wells. Q J Eng GeolHydrogeol 53:236. https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2019-055
Gou H, Luo F, Li RJ, Dong XT, Zhang YF (2019) Modeling study on the hydrodynamic environmental impact caused by the sea for regional construction near the Yanwo Island in Zhoushan, China. Water 11:1674. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081674
Han QW, He MM (1987) A mathematical model for reservoir sedimentation and fluvial processes. Int J Sediment Res 5:43–84
Hendriks HCM, van Prooijen BC, Aarninkhof SGJ, Winterwerp JC (2020) How human activities affect the fine sediment distribution in the Dutch Coastal Zone seabed. Geomorphology 367:107314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107314
Hu K, Ding PX, Wang ZB, Yang SL (2009) A 2D/3D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for the Yangtze Estuary, China. J Mar Syst 77:114–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.014
Huang Y, Sheng YH, Min XQ, He YF, Chen P (2020) Numeric simulation of suspended sediment transportation during dredging of Harbor Basin. J Coastal Res 104:276–280. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCR-SI104-050.1
Jia DD, Zhou JY, Shao XJ, Zhang XB (2014) Three-dimensional flow structures and suspended-sediment transport in the dam area of large reservoir. Appl Mech Mater 501–504:1981–1985. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.501-504.1981
Jiang WS, Pohlmann T, Sündermann J, Feng SZ (2000) A modelling study of SPM transport in the Bohai Sea. J Mar Syst 24:175–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(99)00071-8
Koley S, Panduranga K, Almashan N, Neelamani S, Al-Ragum A (2020) Numerical and experimental modeling of water wave interaction with rubble mound offshore porous breakwaters. Ocean Eng 218:108218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108218
Kraichnan RH, Montgomery D (2021) Two-dimensional turbulence. Phys Fluids 43:547–619. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001
Leslie DC, Leith CEJPT (1975) Developments in the theory of turbulence. SIAM Rev 27:468–469. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3069015
Li WS (1994) Discussion on the influence of intersection angle in the prediction formula of channel siltation. Adv Sci Technol Water Resour 14:52–56 (in Chinese)
Li RJ, Luo F, Hui Z (2009) Study on the flow induced sediment carrying capacity. Trans Oceanol Limnol 1:88–94 (in Chinese)
Li RJ, Zheng J, Zhang WY, Cao HS (2014) A general formula of sediment carrying capacity and its analysis. J Sediment Res 1:1–7 (in Chinese)
Li YT, Song ZY, Peng GQ, Fang XW, Li RJ, Chen P, Hong HY (2019) Modeling hydro-dynamics in a harbor area in the Daishan Island, China. Water 11:192. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020192
Liang LX, Yu XP, Bombardelli F (2018) A general formulation of relative motion between two phases in sediment-laden water flows. Int J Multiph Flow 109:63–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.07.010
Lin H, Lv GN, Song ZY, Wang JC, Chen ZM, Shi Y (1997) Study on modeling the tide wave system of east china sea with GIS. Acta Geogriphica Sinica 64:161–169 (in Chinese)
Liu JJ (1980) Calculation and prediction of siltation in the approach channel to Lianyun harbour. Hydrosci Eng 4:31–42 (in Chinese)
Liu JJ (1982) Study on the problem of siltation for the extension projects of Lianyun harbour. Hydrosci Eng 4:33–43 (in Chinese)
Luan ZY, Jin Q (2016) Research on water-sediment numerical simulation of middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Estuary. Procedia Eng 154:582–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.555
Lumley JL (1979) Computational modeling of turbulent flows. In: Yih C-S (ed) Advances in Applied Mechanics. Elsevier, pp 123–176
Mares-Nasarre P, Molines J, Gómez-Martín ME, Medina JR (2021) Explicit neural network-derived formula for overtopping flow on mound breakwaters in depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Coast Eng 164:103810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103810
Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Shayannejad M (2021) Quantity and quality modelling of groundwater to manage water resources in Isfahan-Borkhar Aquifer. Environ Dev Sustain 23:15943–15959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01323-1
Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Shayannejad M, Eslamian S, Navabpour B (2018a) Comparison of solutions of Saint-Venant equations by characteristics and finite difference methods for unsteady flow analysis in open channel. Int J Hydrol Sci Technol 8:229–243. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.2018.093569
Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Su R, Liu L (2018b) Water resources and climate change. J Water Clim Chang 9:239. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.999
Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Kharazi H, Shayannejad M, Zareian M (2019) Effect of management strategies on reducing negative impacts of climate change on water resources of the Isfahan-Borkhar aquifer using MODFLOW. River Res Appl 35:611–631. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.34630
Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Kharazi H, Shayannejad M, Zareian MJ (2020) Effect of climate change on precipitation patterns in an arid region using GCM models: case study of Isfahan-Borkhar Plain. Nat Hazard Rev 21:04020006–4020001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000367
Parker G, Fukushima Y, Pantin HM (1986) Self-accelerating turbidity currents. J Fluid Mech 171:145–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112086001404
Parker G, Garcia M, Fukushima Y, Yu W (1987) Experiments on turbidity currents over an erodible bed. J Hydraul Res 25:123–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221688709499292
Perkins MJ, Ng TPT, Dudgeon D, Bonebrake TC, Leung KMY (2015) Conserving intertidal habitats: what is the potential of ecological engineering to mitigate impacts of coastal structures? Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 167:504–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.10.033
Sharbati S (2011) Two dimensional simulation of flow pattern in Gorgan Bay by using Mike21 software. J Hydrodyn 23:637–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(10)60159-X
Shu AP, Fei XJ (2008) Sediment transport capacity of hyperconcentrated flow. Sci China, Ser G 51:961–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-008-0108-4
Smagorinsky J (1963) General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Monthly Weather Review 91, 99–165. Mon Weather Rev 91:99–164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091%3c0099:GCEWTP%3e2.3.CO;2
Van Rijn LC, Tonnon PK, Walstra DJR (2011) Numerical modelling of erosion and accretion of plane sloping beaches at different scales. Coast Eng 58:637–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.01.009
Vázquez-Tarrío D, Menéndez-Duarte R (2021) The estimation of bedload in poorly-gauged mountain rivers. CATENA 204:105425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105425
Wang S, Bao WM, Wang SL, Cui YP, Niu ZX, Yu H (2019) A bivariable coupling model for river channel routing developed from the flow continuity equation and its application. Water SA 45:199–208. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v45i2.06
Wewer M, Aguilar-López JP, Kok M, Bogaard T (2021) A transient backward erosion piping model based on laminar flow transport equations. Comput Geotech 132:103992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103992
Williams RD, Measures R, Hicks DM, Brasington J (2016) Assessment of a numerical model to reproduce event-scale erosion and deposition distributions in a braided river. Water Resour Res 52:6621–6642. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018491
Xie MX, Zhang W, Zhang TR (2010) Numerical modeling of sediment transport on muddy coast and siltation feature in approach channel under the impact of strong wind. J Basic Sci Eng 18:262–272. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2010.02.0009
Yang X, Wang XM (2017) A combined numerical-experimental approach to analyze cross flow problems in the entrance channel: a case study of Lanshan Port, China. Ocean Eng 146:401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.10.006
Yang CT, Song CCS, Woldenberg MJ (1981) Hydraulic geometry and minimum rate of energy dissipation. Water Resour Res 17:1014–1018. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i004p01014
Yang Chih T, Song Charles CS (1979) Theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation. J Hydraul Div 105:769–784. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005235
Zhang W, Li YT, Jiang L (2007) Two-dimensional flow and sediment mathematical model for typical multi-branched meandering reach in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Eng J Wuhan Univ 40:42–47 (in Chinese)
Zhang QH, Yan B, Wai OWH (2009) Fine sediment carrying capacity of combined wave and current flows. Int J Sedim Res 24:425–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(10)60015-7
Zheng J, Li RJ, Yu YH, Suo AN (2014) Influence of wave and current flow on sediment-carrying capacity and sediment flux at the water–sediment interface. Water Sci Technol 70:1090–1098. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.338
Zuo SH, Xie HL, Ying XM, Cui C, Huang YX, Li HY, Xie MX (2019) Seabed deposition and erosion change and influence factors in the Yangshan Deepwater Port over the years. Acta Oceanol Sin 38:96–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-019-1461-5
Zuo LQ, Roelvink D, Lu YJ, Dong GH (2021) Process-based suspended sediment carrying capacity of silt-sand sediment in wave conditions. Int J Sedim Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2021.09.007
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFB0505500, 2018YFB0505502) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41276017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Fang, X., Li, R. et al. Seabed erosion and deposition formulas applied to a 2D hydrodynamic harbor engineering simulation. Arab J Geosci 15, 494 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09643-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09643-w