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Effect of mineral and edible vegetable oils on physico-chemical and hydrological properties of sandy loam soils in parts of Nigerian basement complex

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Abstract

The source, chemical composition, and refining processes of mineral oil are contrasted with that of edible vegetable oil. This study assessed the impacts of mineral and plant-derived oils on physico-chemical and hydrological properties of Haplic Lixisol (HL) and Alfisol soils in granitic areas, southwest Nigeria. Twenty-four (24) cluster top soil samples at a depth of 0–20 cm were collected with the aid of soil auger from Odeda (HL) and Ibadan (Alfisol). A total of twenty-one experimental pots filled with collected soils were set up with three replications using seven treatments: (1) petrol at 50 ml, (2) petrol at 100 ml, (3) diesel at 50 ml, (4) diesel at 100 ml, (5) palm oil at 50 ml, (6) palm oil at 100 ml, and (7) an untreated control. The soil physical and hydrological parameters were determined after 30 days to allow for interaction of the contaminants with the soils. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation were used on the soil data in order to study the variation of analyzed soil characteristics under the two soil types and treatments as well as the relationship between the studied parameters, respectively. The regression analysis was used to generate models for the prediction of moisture content (MC) at selected suction levels. The obtained soil data showed that treatment with either selected petroleum hydrocarbon or vegetable oil had no noticeable impacts on soil pH and textural class. Results of soil treatments further revealed that palm oil contamination at 50 ml recorded least saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) values relative to control value in each sampling location. Furthermore, the Ksat values in treated HL soils at selected volumes were reduced compared to its control value while Ksat increased over control value in Alfisol soils treated with petrol. Correlation analysis showed strong negative correlation between soil resistivity (SR) and organic matter (OM) at 1% level in both soil types. Two-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences at 5% level between the two locations with respect to bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP) and soil pH while significant differences in soil pH and % OM occur between soils from the two locations under different treatments at 5% level. There was no significant difference in the MC values at the different suction levels between the two locations and among the various treatments at 5% (p < 0.05) level. The regression analysis shows that all the generated models for predicting MC values at different suction levels under different soil treatments had R-square (R2) values ranging from 33.4 to 100% with significant F-values. The study recommends further investigation on impacts of more organic hydrocarbons and vegetable oils on soil quality properties.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. K.S. Are and Dr. (Mrs.) O.D. Adeyolanu of Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) Ibadan for their invaluable assistance during both field work and laboratory analysis of soil quality properties.

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All authors contribute to the study conception and design. Material preparation and soil samples collection as well as analyses were performed by Saheed Adekunle Ganiyu, Oluwaseun Tolutope Olurin, and Mary Kehinde Atoyebi, and Salawu Abiodun contributed to data interpretation.

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Correspondence to Saheed Adekunle Ganiyu.

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Ganiyu, S.A., Olurin, O.T., Atoyebi, M.K. et al. Effect of mineral and edible vegetable oils on physico-chemical and hydrological properties of sandy loam soils in parts of Nigerian basement complex. Arab J Geosci 14, 2702 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09084-x

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