Abstract
The East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) with an average length of 500 km is one of the most seismically active regions of Turkey, and many major earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone. The earthquake of 24 January 2020 (Mw = 6.8) with the epicenter in Sivrice (Elazığ) occurred on the EAFZ and caused loss of life and property. This study was carried out to investigate the Coulomb stress changes before and after the Sivrice mainshock by using 89 earthquakes (M ≥ 4.5) with different depth ranges (7.5, 15, 22.5, 30 km) that occurred in the EAFZ between 1997 and 2020. Coulomb stress change maps were created using the Sivrice (Elazığ) mainshock and subsequent earthquakes. The maps showed that the stress continued in the northeast and southwest directions and caused a positive Coulomb stress change. According to the Conrad discontinuity depth calculation obtained from the thermal investigation covering the EAFZ and its immediate surroundings, a value of 21.2 km was obtained. While there was no stress increase at depths deeper than 20 km before the Sivrice mainshock, there was a stress increase up to 30 km after the mainshock. Rigidity of crustal structure is higher between segments 1 and 5 compared to segment 6 according to results of Curie Point Depth (CPD) on the EAFZ. This induced the positive Coulomb stress change along with the fault segments at the deeper depth levels. The high Coulomb stress values were especially observed around the Palu-Hazar Lake and Çelikhan-Gölbaşı segments. Therefore, these segments were defined as the earthquake hazard potential region.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AFAD (2020) https://tdth.afad.gov.tr. (Accessed 15 May 2021)
Alkan H, Çınar H, Oreshin S (2020) Lake Van (Southeastern Turkey) experiment: receiver function analyses of lithospheric structure from teleseismic observations. Pure Appl Geophys 177:3891–3909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02447-7
Alkan H (2021) Crust and uppermost mantle velocity structure beneath the East Anatolian Fault Zone from joint ınversion of P-receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocities. Eur J Sci Tech 21:285–300. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.818592
Ansari S (2016) Co-seismic stress transfer and magnitude-frequency distribution due to the 2012 Varzaqan-Ahar earthquake doublets (Mw 6.5 and 6.4), NW Iran. J Asian Earth Sci 132:129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.10.006
Ateş A, Bilim F, Büyüksaraç A, Aydemir A, Bektaş Ö, Aslan Y (2012) Crustal structure of Turkey from aeromagnetic, gravity and deep seismic reflection data. Surv Geophys 33(5):869–885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-012-9195-x
Bektaş O, Ravat D, Büyüksaraç A, Bilim F, Ateş A (2007) Regional geothermal characterization of East Anatolia from aeromagnetic, heat flow and gravity data. Pure Appl Geophys 164:975–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0196-5
Cheloni D, Akıncı A (2020) Source modelling and strong ground motion simulations for the 24 January 2020, Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake. Turkey Geophys J Int 223:1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa350
Çakır Z, Barka AA, Evren E (2003) Coulomb stress interactions and the 1999 Marmara Earthquake sequence. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12: 91–103. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/issues/yer-03-12-1/yer-12-1-6-0301-5.pdf
Ekinci YL, Büyüksaraç A, Bektaş Ö, Ertekin C (2020) Geophysical investigation of Mount Nemrut stratovolcano (Bitlis, Eastern Turkey) through aeromagnetic anomaly analyses. Pure Appl Geophys 177:3243–3264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02432-0
Emre Ö, Duman TY, Özalp S, Şaroğlu F, Olgun Ş, Elmacı H, Çan T (2018) Active fault database of Turkey. Bull Earthquake Eng 16:3229–3275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-0041-2
Frohlich C, Davis S (1993) Teleseismic b-values: Or, much ado about 1.0. J Geophys Res 98(B1):631–644
Işık E, Aydın MC, Büyüksaraç A (2020) 24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) earthquake damages and determination of earthquake parameters in the region. Earthq Struct 19(2):145–156. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.19.2.145
Işık E, Ekinci YL, Sayıl N, Büyüksaraç A, Aydın MC (2021) Time-dependent model for earthquake occurrence and effects of design spectra on structural performance: a case study from the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 30:215–234. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-2004-20
Jackson J, McKenzie DP (1988) The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Geophys J 93:45–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb01387.x
Ketin I (1966) Anadolu’nun tektonik birlikleri. Maden Tetkik Ve Arama Enst Derg 66:20–34
King GCP, Stein RS, Lin J (1994) Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84(3):935–953
Lachenbruch AH, Sass JH (1978) Models of an extending lithosphere and heat flow in the basin and range province. In (Smith, R. B. and Eaton, G. P. eds.), Cenozoic Tectonics and Regional Geophysics of the Western Cordillera. Geol Soc Amer Mem 152: 209–250
Ma J, Dong L, Zhao G, Li X (2018) Discrimination of seismic sources in an underground mine using full waveform inversion. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 106:213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.032
Ma J, Dong L, Zhao G, Li X (2019) Focal mechanism of mining-ınduced seismicity in fault zones: a case study of Yongshaba Mine in China. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:3341–3352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01761-4
Maden N, Öztürk S (2015) Seismic b values, Bouguer gravity and heat flow data beneath Eastern Anatolia Turkey tectonic implications. Surv Geophys 36(4):549–570
McKenzie D (1972) Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophys J Roy Astron Soc. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1972.tb02351.x
Nalbant SS, McCloskey J, Steacy S, Barka AA (2002) Stress accumulation and increased seismic risk in Eastern Turkey. Earth Planet Sci Lett 195(3–4):291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00592-1
Okada Y (1985) Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seismol Soc Am 75(4):1135–1154. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750041135
Özer Ç, Özyazıcıoğlu M, Gök E, Polat O (2019) Imaging the crustal structure throughout the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, by local earthquake tomography. Pure Appl Geophys 176:2235–2261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-018-2076-6
Öztürk S (2017) Space-time assessing of the earthquake potential in recent years in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Earth Sci Res J 21(2):67–75
Öztürk S (2018) Earthquake hazard potential in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey: seismotectonic b and Dc-values and precursory quiescence Z-value. Front Earth Sci 12(1):215–236
Şengör AMC (1979) Mid-Mesozoic closure of Permo-Triassic Tethys and its implications. Nature 279:590–593
Şengör AMC, Gorur N, Saroglu F (1985) Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 37: 227-264
Stein RS, King GCP, Lin J (1994) Stress triggering of the 1994 M = 6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake by its predecessors. Science 265(5177):1432–1435. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5177.1432
Sünbül F, Sünbül AB (2018) Deprem Etkilesimlerinde Coulomb Gerilme Kriteri Degerlendirmesi; Dogu Anadolu Fay Hattı. Karaelmas Fen ve Müh Derg 8(2): 523-535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7212/2Fzkufbd.v8i2.1166
Tatar O, Sozbilir H, Koçbulut F, Bozkurt E, Aksoy E, Eski S, Özmen B, Alan H, Metin Y (2020) Surface deformations of 24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ)-Doğanyol (Malatya) earthquake (Mw=6.8) along the Pütürge segment of the East Anatolian Fault Zone and its comparison with Turkey’s 100-year-surface ruptures. Med Geosc Rev 2(3):1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-020-00037-2
Taymaz T, Ganas A, Yolsal-Cevikbilen S, Vera F, Eken T, Erman C, Keleş D, Kapetanidis V, Valkaniotis S, Karasante I, Tsironi V, Gaebler PJ, Melgar D, Öcalan T (2021) Source mechanism and rupture process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–sivrice earthquake obtained from seismological waveform analysis and space geodetic observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). Tectonophysics 804(3):228745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745
Toda S, Stein RS, Richards-Dinger K, Bozkurt SB (2005) Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: animations built on earthquake stress transfer. J Geophys Res 110:B05S16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003415
Toda S, Stein RS, Lin J (2011) Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9 0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer. Geophys Res Lett Solid Earth 38:L00G03. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047834
Wessel P, Smith WHF, Scharroo R, Luis JF, Wobbe F (2013) Generic mapping tools: improved version released. EOS Trans AGU 94:409–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO450001
Yadav RBS, Gahalaut VK, Chopra SB (2012) Tectonic implications and seismicity triggering during the 2008 Baluchistan, Pakistan earthquake sequence. J Asian Earth Sci 45:167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.10.003
Yazdanfar C, Nemati M, Ataby MA, Roustaei M, Nilfouroushan F (2018) Stress transfer, aftershocks distribution and InSAR analysis of the 2005 Dahuieh earthquake, SE Iran. J Afr Earth Sc 147:211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.06.022
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Longjun Dong
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alkan, H., Büyüksaraç, A., Bektaş, Ö. et al. Coulomb stress change before and after 24.01.2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake (Mw = 6.8) on the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Arab J Geosci 14, 2648 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09080-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09080-1