Abstract
The discharge of city tail water in China has aggravated the pollution of rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Compared with other methods, ecological treatment has advantages in cost and effect. Based on the review of literature, the water quality of city tail water in China was analyzed, and the treatment of city tail water by constructed wetlands (CWs), ecological pond, and ecological floating bed (EFB) was discussed. The pollution indicator concentration of city tail water is higher than that of class IV water standards for rivers and lakes. The maximum removal rates of NH4+-N, TP, and TN in city tail water by CWs are more than 85%. The EFB technology plays an important role in the treatment process of city tail water, and the proportion of substrate treatment is higher in substrate, plant, and microorganism. The economic value of plant is also an important issue to be considered in EFB treatment of city tail water. There are many researches on the single technology of EFB, CWs, and ecological pond for the treatment of city tail water, but the comprehensive technology research of two or more is lacking. This study is of great significance to promote the ecological treatment of city tail water.
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Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published paper.
Abbreviations
- NO2 —N:
-
Nitrous nitrogen
- NO3 —N:
-
Nitrate nitrogen
- NH4 +-N:
-
Ammonia nitrogen
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- MnO2 :
-
Manganese dioxide
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- Al:
-
Aluminum
- N:
-
Nitrogen
- P:
-
Phosphorus
- Cd:
-
Cadmium
- Cu:
-
Copper
- Pb:
-
Plumbum
- PO4 3—P:
-
Phosphate
- TN:
-
Total nitrogen
- TP:
-
Total phosphorus
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- CWs:
-
Constructed wetlands
- EFB:
-
Ecological floating bed
- SS:
-
Suspended solid
- HRT:
-
Hydraulic retention time
- SF-CWs:
-
Surface flow CWs
- HF-CWs:
-
Horizontal flow CWs
- VF-CWs:
-
Vertical flow CWs
- VSSF-CWs:
-
Vertical subsurface flow CWs
- HSSF-CWs:
-
Horizontal subsurface flow CWs
- BOD5 :
-
Biochemical oxygen demand, five days
- HLR:
-
Hydraulic loading rate
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The authors thank the reviewers for their valuable comments, and the authors thank the editor for his efforts in this paper.
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This research was supported by Changchun City Technology Bureau (No. 16SS06), Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 20180101092JC), the Key Scientific Research Programs of the Jilin Province (No. 20190303084SF), and Ecology and Environment Department of Jilin Province (No. 2020–05).
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Hanxi Wang drafted the initial manuscript and analyzed the data, Jianling Xu conceptualized and designed the study, and Lianxi Sheng carried out the initial analyses, reviewed, and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.
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Wang, H., Xu, J. & Sheng, L. Study on ecological treatment of city tail water in China: a review. Arab J Geosci 14, 2446 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08810-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08810-9