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Mineralogy, fluid evolution, geochemical characteristics in two types of sphalerite and genesis of the Tarz Zn–Pb deposit, Iran

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Abstract

The Tarz Zn–Pb deposit is located in the Tabas block of the Central Iranian Microcontinent and consists of stratabound orebodies hosted by dolomitic limestone of the Middle Triassic Shotori Formation. Two stages of sphalerite were identified in the Tarz deposit: dark brown sphalerite formed in early stage and light brown sphalerite represented a later stage. The concentrations of minor and trace elements in sphalerite and fluid inclusions within calcite coexisting with the two stages of sphalerite were analyzed to identify the mineralization conditions and the genesis. Early-stage sphalerite compared to late-stage sphalerite has higher Fe, Mn, and Cu contents but lower Cd, Sb, and Ag contents. In addition, trace element concentrations in two types of sphalerite show that the approximate temperature of ore-forming fluids gradually decreases from the early stage to the late stage. This finding is consistent with the results of the microthermometric analyses of the fluid inclusions, which yield homogenization temperatures from 165 to 207 °C in calcite associated to stage I sphalerite and 106 to 173 °C in calcite associated to stage II sphalerite. The low Zn/Cd ratios and high Cd/Fe ratios especially for stage II sphalerite are consistent with Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) ore deposits but are different from deposits related to magmatism such as epithermal, skarn, and volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Based on ore textures, geochemical compositions of sphalerite, and the results of the microthermometric analyses of the fluid inclusions, the mineralization process in the Tarz deposit was closely related to basin brines and faulting in the Tarz region.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Mr. Bahreini and Ahmadie for their support in several field studies and the helpful data provided. Thanks to Associate Editor and anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions.

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  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 7616914111, Kerman, Iran

    Balandeh Aminzadeh

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Aminzadeh, B. Mineralogy, fluid evolution, geochemical characteristics in two types of sphalerite and genesis of the Tarz Zn–Pb deposit, Iran. Arab J Geosci 14, 2075 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08404-5

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