Abstract
This paper establishes a geological three-dimensional coordinate model and uses GIS to obtain the thickness of the overburden. The tunnel displacement monitoring points mainly include: vault settlement measurement points, foot settlement measurement points, and gap convergence measurement points. This paper constructs a GIS-based section tunnel entrance safety evaluation system, which provides a reference for the safety evaluation of the section tunnel entrance. The determination of the construction parameters and support parameters of the tunnel engineering is deeply affected by the stress conditions of the tunnel engineering. Under the conditions of limited economy and time, before tunnel construction, the mechanical parameters of the tunnel-surrounding rock are determined mainly through limited drilling. Although it is somewhat difficult, the construction parameters of tunnel engineering are also determined accordingly. The calculation results may cause the actual deformation of the surrounding rock to be quite different from the predicted deformation, and accidents may be caused according to the original construction plan. Therefore, the supervision and measurement of tunnel engineering is particularly important. At the same time, a risk evaluation system is established to achieve the control of risk evaluation indicators, which can intuitively express the size of the tunnel entrance affected by the evaluation factors, calculate the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, determine the construction parameters and support parameters of the tunnel project, and analyze the measured displacement changes to ensure long-term stable construction and support. Through the actual application of the project, it can be seen that the risk assessment system can also conveniently and quickly query and analyze the monitoring data of the tunnel, and it can realize online operation and analyze the stability of the same surrounding rock. This proves the rationality of the planning and framework of the detection system, and it has high application value.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
15 December 2021
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09322-2
28 September 2021
An Editorial Expression of Concern to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08471-8
References
Adeleye DR, Fayose FA (1978) Stratigraphy of the type section of Awi formation, Odukpani area, southern Nigeria. J Min Geol 15:33–57
Adetona AA, Abu M (2013) Estimating the thickness of sedimentation within Lower Benue Basin and Upper Anambra Basin, Nigeria, using both spectral depth determination and source parameter imaging. Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Geophysics Volume, Article ID 124706, 10 pages
Adighije CI (1981) A gravity interpretation of the Benue trough, Nigeria. Tectonophysics 79(1981):109–128
Ajayi CO, Ajakaiye DE (1981) The origin and peculiarities of the Nigerian Benue trough: another look from recent gravity data obtained from the middle Benue. Tectonophysics 80:285–303
Akpan EB (1992) Peruviella dolium (Roemer) and the age of the Mfamosing limestone, SE Nigeria. J Min Geol 28:191–196
Akpan AE, Ebong DE, Ekwok SE, Joseph S (2014) Geophysical and geological studies of the spread and industrial quality of Okurike barite deposit. Am J Environ Sci 10(6):566–574
Allen JRL (1965) Late Quatenary Niger Delta and adjacent areas: sedimentary environment and lithofacies. Am Assoc Pet Geol 49:549–600
Avbovbo AA (1978) Geothermal gradients in southeastern Nigerian basin. Bull Can Assoc Pet Geol 26:269–274
Benkhelil MG, Ponsard JF, Saugy L (1975) The Bornu-Benue trough, the Niger Delta and its offshore: tectono-sedimentary reconstruction during the cretaceous and tertiary from geophysical data and geology. In: Kogbe CA (ed) Geology of Nigeria. Elizabethan Press, Lagos, pp 277–309
Burke KCA, Dessauvagie TFW, Whiteman AJ (1971) Opening of the gulf of Guinea and geological history of the Benue depression and Niger Delta. Nature 233(51–5):5
Burke KCA, Dewey JF (1974) Two plates in Africa during the cretaceous. Nature 249:313–316
Burke KC, Whiteman AJ (1972) Uplift, rifting and the break up of Africa. In: Tarling DA, Runcorn SK (eds) Implications of continental drift on the earth sciences. Academic Press, London, pp 735–755
Burke KC, Whiteman AJ (1973) Uplift, rifting and the break-up of Africa. In: Tarling DH, Runcorn SK (eds) Implications of continental drift to the earth sciences. Academic Press, London, pp 735–755
Cratchley CR, Jones JP (1965) An interpretation of the geology and gravity anomalies of the Benue Valley, Nigeria. Overseas Geol Surv Geophys Pap 1:26
Ehinola OA, Sonibare OO, Javie DM, Oluwale EA (2008) Geochemical appraisal of organic matter in the mid-cretaceous sediments of the Calabar flank, southeastern Nigeria. Eur J Sci Res 23(4):567–577
Ekpo BO, Essien N, Fubara EP, Ibok UJ, Ukpabio EJ, Wehner H (2013) Petroleum geochemistry of cretaceous outcrops from the Calabar flank, southeastern Nigeria. Mar Pet Geol 48:171–185
Ekpo BO, Ibok UJ, Essien N, Wehner H (2012) Geochemistry and organic petrography of cretaceous sediments of the Calabar Flank, southeastern, Nigeria. Mar Pet Geol 35:252–268
Ekwok SE, Akpan AE, Ebong DE (2019) Enhancement and modelling of aeromagnetic data of some inland basins, southeastern Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci 155:43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.02.03
Ekwok SE, Akpan AE, Kudamnya EA (2020) Exploratory mapping of structures controlling mineralization in Southeast Nigeria using high resolution airborne magnetic data. J Afr Earth Sci J Afr Earth Sci 162:103700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103700
Ekwok SE, Akpan AE, Kudamnya EA, Ebong DE (2020) Assessment of groundwater potential using geophysical data: a case study in parts of Cross River State, South-Eastern Nigeria. Appl Water Sci 10:144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01224-0
Ekwueme BN, Nyong EE, Petters SW (1995) Geological excursion guidebook to Oban Massif, Calabar Flank and Mamfe embayment, Southeastern, Nigeria, 1st edn. Dechord Press, Calabar, ISBN-10: 9783235427, p 36
Essien NU, Ukpabio EJ, Nyong EE, Ibe KA (2005) Preliminary organic geochemical appraisal of cretaceous rock unit in the Calabar flank, southern Nigeria. J Min Geol 41(2):181–191
Esu EO, Owolabi OM, Ikpang EN (2009) Preliminary 697 source rock potential evaluation and 698 depositional environmental reconstruction of Ekenkpon Shales, Calabar Flank, southeastern, Nigeria. 46th Annual International Conference of the Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society (NMGS)
Hinze WJ (2003) Bouguer reduction density: why 2.67? Geophysics. 68(5):1559–1560
Acknowledgments
This work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (212300410327).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open access
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Sheldon Williamson
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Environment and Low Carbon Transportation
This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09322-2
About this article
Cite this article
Li, G., Zhai, J., Luo, C. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research and application of automatic monitoring system for tunnel-surrounding rock measurement based on GIS. Arab J Geosci 14, 1017 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07197-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07197-x