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Incorporation of siliceous sand and lignite tailings from Miocene deposits (Zeramdine, Eastern Tunisia) in clay bricks and ceramic tiles: technological feasibility

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Abstract

The Miocene green clay from Zeramdine areas, of various physico-chemical, colour, and firing properties, have been widely used as raw materials in the fabrication of diverse building ceramic products. However, these clay resources are rapidly consumed which in turn affects the local industrial productivity. Up to now, only green clays are extracted and used in the ceramic industry the lignite and siliceous sand from the Miocene deposits being considered as waste; this research aims to present a new alternative for quarry wastes in the red clay ceramic industry. With the objective of reducing the amount of the clay used in ceramic industries in order to preserve the clay resources from the Zeramdine district and to minimize the negative impacts on environment, different mixings of clay, lignite, and siliceous sand were tested. The mixture M2 made by 87% of clays, 10% of siliceous sand, and 3% of lignite gave the best geotechnical properties (i.e. firing temperature at 1150 °C firing shrinkage 3.28% weight loss 10.07%, water absorption: 5.94%, and bulk density: 1.99gcm−3 flexural strength 34.57 MPa. The other physical properties fit with the Tunisian NT 21-287 (2004) and European EN 777-1 (2003) Standards. Their technological properties are especially consistent with the production of rustic tiles, red stoneware, and fast-fired red wall tiles.

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  1. Laboratoire de Ressources Minérales et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Département de Géologie, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Maalla Imen, Boussen Slim & Mohamed Essghaier Gaied

  2. Argile, Géochimie et Environnement Sédimentaire (AGEs), Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6Août, B18 Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Maalla Imen & Fagel Nathalie

  3. Office National des Mines, Direction de l’Inventaire et de l’Exploration Minérale, Sous Direction Des Substances Minières, 24, 2035 La Charguia, Rue de l’énergie, 2035, Tunis, Tunisia

    Boussen Slim

  4. Institut Supérieur des beaux Arts de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia

    Mohamed Essghaier Gaied

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  1. Maalla Imen
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Imen, M., Slim, B., Nathalie, F. et al. Incorporation of siliceous sand and lignite tailings from Miocene deposits (Zeramdine, Eastern Tunisia) in clay bricks and ceramic tiles: technological feasibility. Arab J Geosci 14, 282 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06582-w

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