Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fluid and ore-material source of the Xiajiaxiaohe gold deposit in central Yishu fault zone in Shandong, Eastern China

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Xiajiaxiaohe gold deposit is located in the middle section of the central Yishu fault zone in Shandong Province (Eastern China). Previous studies mainly focused on the relations between the fault zone and gold mineralization; yet, its mineralization process was rarely studied, which hinders further exploration and deposit model development. In this study, we analyzed the trace elements and He-Ar isotopes of the auriferous pyrite and determined the source(s) and nature of ore-forming fluids and materials. Rare earth element (REE) compositions of the pyrite indicate that the ore-forming materials at Xiajiaxiaohe were sourced from the Yishui Group wallrocks. The Co-Ni contents and Co/Ni ratios show that the Xiajiaxiaohe gold mineralization was formed under medium- to low-temperature conditions. Fluid inclusions in pyrite have 3He/4He (0.14–0.20 Ra) and 40Ar/36Ar (1038–1290) ratios reflecting a crust source for the ore-forming fluids. The fluids may have then undergone varying degree of interactions with a deep-mantle source, plus minor meteoric input during the Mesozoic Pacific subduction beneath the Eurasian plate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson PL (1983) Chemical composition of the mantle. J Geophys Res 88:41–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews JN (1985) The isotopic composition of radiogenic helium and its use to study groundwater movement in confined aquifers. Chem Geol 49(1-3):339–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajwah ZU, Seccombe PK, Offler R (1987) Trace element distribution, Co:Ni ratios and genesis of the Big Cadia iron -copper deposit, New South Wales, Australia. Mineral Deposita 22(4):292–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballentine CJ, Burgess R, Marty B (2002) Tracing fluid origin, transport and interaction in the crust. Rev Mineral Geochem 47(1):539–614

    Google Scholar 

  • Bau M, Dulski P (1995) Comparative study of yttrium and rare earth element behaviors in fluorite-rich hydrothermal fluids. Contrib Mineral Petrol 119:213–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Bau M, Dulski P (1999) Comparing yttrium and rare earths in hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: implications for Y and REE behavior during near-vent mixing and for the Y/Ho ratio of Proterozoic seawater. Chem Geol 155(1-2):77–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Bau M, Moller P, Dulski P (1997) Yttrium and lanthanides in eastern Mediterranean seawater and their fractionation during redox-cycling. Mar Chem 56:123–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Bi X, Hu R, Peng J, Wu K (2004) Trace element geochemical characteristics of pyrite and its indication to the properties of ore-forming fluids. Bulletin of Mineralogy. Petrol Geochem 23(1):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Boynton WV (1984) Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies. In: Henderson P (ed) Rare earth element geochemistry. Elsevier Science Publishers, pp 63–114

  • Bralia A, Sabatini G, Troja F (1979) A revaluation of the Co/Ni ratio in pyrite as geochemical tool in ore genesis problems. Mineral Deposita 14(3):353–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Brill BA (1989) Trace-element contents and partitioning of elements in ore minerals from the CSA Cu-Ph-Zn deposit, Australia. Can Mineral 27(7):263–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnard PG, Hu R, Turner G, Bi XW (1999) Mantle, crustal and atmospheric noble gases in Ailaoshan gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63(10):1595–1604

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao S, Jia J, Zhong Z, Hong H, Wang C, Yin K, Cheng F, Ye H (2014) Study on the composition type and sulfur isotope characteristics of golden iron ore in the Longtou gold deposit in Kaihua, Western Zhejiang. Chin J Rock Mineral 33(5):937–946

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao M, Yao J, Deng X, Yang F, Mao G (2017) Diverse and multistage Mo, Au, Ag-Pb-Zn and Cu deposits in the Xiong'er Terrane, East Qinling: From Triassic Cu mineralization. Ore Geol Rev 81:565–574

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Franco P, Lai Y, Li C (2004) Metallogenic time and tectonic setting of the Jiaodong gold province, eastern China. Acta Petrol Sin 20(4):907–922

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Zhai M, Jiang S (2009) Significant achievements and open issues in the study of orogenesis and metallogenesis surrounding the North China continent. Acta Petrol Sin 25(11):2696–2726

    Google Scholar 

  • Douville E, Bienvenu P, Charlou J (1999) Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63(5):627–643

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan H, Hu F, Yang J, Shen K, Zhai M (2005) Fluid evolution and large-scale mineralization of gold during the transition of the Mesozoic tectonic system in Jiaodong. Acta Petrol Sin 5:1317–1328

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu P (2013) Early Cretaceous volcanic rock chronology and its genesis in Yishu fault zone. Dissertation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

  • Gao J, Lu J, Lai M, Lin Y, Yun W (2003) High resolution plasma mass spectrometry analysis of trace elements in rock samples. J Nanjing Univ (Nat Sci) 39(6):844–850

    Google Scholar 

  • He L, Yang B, Chen Y, Gao X, Ye K, Yang D, Zhao Y (2010) Geological and geochemical characteristics and mineralization of the Longquan Station gold deposit in Yishui. Mineral Deposits 29(S1):937–938

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu R (1997) Helium and argon isotopic geochemistry of ore-forming fluids. Bull Mineral Petrol Geochem 02:52–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu R, Burnard PG, Bi XW, Zhou M, Peng J, Su W, Wu K (2004) Helium and argon isotope geochemistry of alkaline intrusion-associated gold and copper deposits along the Red River-Jinshajiang fault belt, SW China. Chem Geol 203:305–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Li S, Wang J (2003) Study on pyrite type characteristics of Jinchang gold deposit in Mojiang, Yunnan. Miner Rock 23(2):22–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendrick MA, Burgess R, Pattrick RA, Turner G (2001) Fluid inclusion noble gas and halogen evidence on the origin of Cu-Porphyry mineralizing fluids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65(16):2651–2668

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong F, Liu Y, Li X, Guo J, Zhao G (2015) Mineralogical and petrogeochemical characteristics of ultramafic rocks from the metamorphic basement of the Jiaobei terrane. Acta Petrol Sin 31:1549–1563

    Google Scholar 

  • Li H (2010) Tectonic evolution and gold mineralization of the Yishu fault zone. Dissertation, Shandong University of Science and Technology

  • Li H, Li G (2019) Typological characteristics of pyrite composition in the main metallogenic period of different types of hydrothermal gold deposits. Earth Sci Front 26(3):202–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Zeng F (2005) The typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in gold deposits. Contrib Geol Prospect 03:199–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Mao J, Wang Y, Wang D (2003a) Sources of ore-forming fluids traced by inert gas isotopes and halogens. Geol Rev 49(5):513–521

    Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Shen Y, Mao J, Liu T, Zhu H (2003b) REE features of quartz and pyrite and their fluid inclusions: an example of Jiaojia type gold deposits, northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula. Acta Petrol Sin 02:267–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Hao X (2007) Geochemical characteristics of Longquan Station Gold Deposit in Yishui, Shandong. Shandong Land Resour Z1:9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Guo J, Zhao G, Li H, Song Z (2011) Formation of the Paleoproterozoic calc-silicate and high-pressure mafic granulite in the Jiaobei terrane, eastern Shandong, China. Acta Petrol Sin 27(4):961–968

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Liu Y, Guo J, Li H, Li H, Zhao G (2013) Petrogeochemical characteristics of the Paleoproterozoic high-pressure mafic granulite and calc-silicate from the Nanshankou of the Jiaobei terrane. Acta Petrol Sin 29(7):2340–2352

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Wang X, Chen S, Storey C, Kong F, Schetl H (2018) Petrology and zircon U-Pb dating of meta-calcsilicate from the Jiaobei terrane in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt of the North China craton. Precambrian Res 313:221–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang P, Zhu P, Zhu D, Ma L, Wang Q, Yang Z, Liu H (2018) Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of porphyry granite in Dayingzhuang, Northwestern Jiaojiang. J Shandong Univ Sci Technol (Nat Sci) 37(4):22–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Mao G, Wang X, An P, Meng L, Song L, He T (2018a) Elemental geochemistry characteristics and their geological significance of Nanxiaoyao gold deposit in the middle of Yishu fault zone, Shandong, China. Earth Sci Environ 40(1):76–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Wang X, An P, Meng L, Tang C, Yang F, Chen L, Mao G (2018b) Characteristics and geological significance of main trace elements in Niujiaxiaohe gold deposit in the Middle Section of Yishu Fault Zone. Shandong Land Resour 34(6):8–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao G, Hua R, Gao J, Zhao K, Long G, Lu H, Yao J (2006) Characteristics of rare earth elements and trace elements of golden iron ore in Jinshan gold deposit, Jiangxi province. Deposit Geol 25(4):412–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao G, Hua R, Gao J, Zhao K, Long G, Lu H, Yao J (2010) Rare earth element and trace element features of gold-bearing pyrite in the Jinshan gold deposit, Jiangxi Province. Acta Geol Sin 84(3):614–623

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao G, Hua R, Li L (2013) Rb-Sr dating of pyrite and quartz fluid inclusions and origin of ore-forming materials of the Jinshan gold deposit, Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China. Acta Geol Sin 87:1658–1667

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao G, Meng L, Liu X, An P, Wang X, He T, Song L, Dou Y (2019) Discussion on the geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Nanxiaoyao gold deposit in the Middle Section of Yishu Fault Zone. J Shandong Univ Sci Technol (Nat Sci) 38(3):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Marty B, Jambon A, Sano Y (1989) Helium isotopes and CO2 in volcanic gases of Japan. Chem Geol 76(1-2):25–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng Y, Santosh M, Mao G, Lin P, Liu J, Ren P (2020a) New constraints on the tectono-magmatic evolution of the central Gangdese belt from Late Cretaceous magmatic suite in southern Tibet. Gondwana Res 80:123–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng L, Mao G, Liu X, An P, Cao M, Wang X, He T, Song L, Dou Y (2020b) Geochemical studies of the Nanxiaoyao gold deposit in central Yishu fault zone, Shandong province, Eastern China. Solid Earth Sci 5(1):69–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni J, Liu J, Tang X, Yang H, Xia Z, Guo Q (2013) The Wulian metamorphic core complex: a newly discovered metamorphic core complex along the sulu orogenic belt, eastern China. Earth Sci 24(3):297–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni J, Liu J, Tang X, Shi X, Zhang H, Han S (2016a) Geochemical fingerprints and pebbles zircon geochronology: implications for the provenance and tectonic setting of Lower Cretaceous sediments in the Zhucheng Basin (Jiaodong peninsula, North China). J Earth Syst Sci 125:1413–1437

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni J, Liu J, Tang X, Yang H, Xia Z, Zhang T (2016b) Early Cretaceous exhumation of the Sulu orogenic belt as a consequence of the eastern Eurasian tectonic extension: insights from the newly discovered Wulian metamorphic core complex, eastern China. J Geol Soc 173:531–549

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni J, Liu J, Sun Y, Shi X, Li S (2019) The characteristics of the structure, strain and kinematic vorticity of the Wulian detachment fault zone, Shandong Peninsula, China. Sci China Earth Sci 62(9):1399–1415

    Google Scholar 

  • Ning J, Guo X, Fu G, Huang B, Gao Z, Kang B (2012) The typomorphic characteristics of pyrite and its enlightenment to the genesis and prospecting of gold deposits. J East China Univ Technol 35(4):352–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu S, Huang J, Liu J, Liu M (2017) Study on the characteristics and prospecting direction of gold deposits in Yishui section of Yishu fault zone in Shandong Province. World Nonferrous Metals 14:115–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Qing M, Han X (2003) A review of the research on the typomorphic characteristics of the main minerals of gold deposits. Gold Geol 9(4):39–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid MR, Graham DW (1996) Resolving lithospheric and sub-lithospheric contributions to helium isotope variations in basalts from the southwestern US. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144(1-2):213–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross RL, Leonid D, Chris H, Valeriy M, Sebastien M, Sarah G, Stuart B, Rob S, Poul E, Helen T, Bob S, Jeffrey F (2009) Gold and trace element Zonation pyrite using a laser imaging technique: Implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and carlin-style sediment-hosted deposits. Econ Geol 104(5):635–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon RD (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Cryst 32:751–767

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi W (2014) Protozoic-magmatic activity and gold metallogenesis of the Late Mesozoic belt in the Yishu fault zone and adjacent areas in Shandong. Dissertation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China

  • Song H (1989) Application of typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in gold geology. Geol Prospect 07:31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Song L, Mao G, Cao M, Liu X, An P, Wang X, Meng L, He T, Dou Y (2019) Provenance of Cretaceous Dasheng Group Malanggou Formation in the mid-part of the Yishu fault zone, Shandong Province, China. Arab J Geosci 12(1):285–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart FM, Turner G, Duckworth RC, Fallick AE (1994) Helium isotopes as tracers of trapped hydrothermal fluids in ocean-floor sulfides. Geology 22(9):823–826

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart FM, Bunard PG, Taylor RP, Turner G (1995) Resolving mantle and crustal contributions to ancient hydrothermal fluids: He-Ar isotopes in fluid inclusions from Dae Hwa W-Mo mineralization, South Korea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59(22):4663–4673

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun G, Zeng Q, Zhou L, Wang Y, Chen P (2020) Trace element contents and in situ sulfur isotope analyses of pyrite in the Baiyun gold deposit, NE China: implication for the genesis of intrusion-related gold deposits. Ore Geol Rev 118:103330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang K (1989) Genetic mineralogy of the Earth and the Universe. Anhui Education Press, Hefei

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen B, Fan H, Hu F, Liu X, Yang K, Sun Z, Sun Z (2016) Fluid evolution and ore genesis of the giant Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China: constrains from geology, fluid inclusions and H–O–S–He–Ar isotopic compositions. J Geochem Explor 171:96–112

    Google Scholar 

  • White WM (1985) Sources of oceanic basalts: radiogenic isotopic evidence. Geology 13(2):115–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Winckler G, Aeschbach-Hertig W, Kipfer R, Botz R, Andre P, Rubel BR, Stoffers P (2001) Constraints on origin and evolution of Red Sea brines from helium and argon isotopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 184(3-4):671–683

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu LR (1985) Mesozoic granites in eastern China. Petrology 1(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan M, Chi Q, Gu T, Wang C (1997) Study on abundance of crustal elements and average chemical composition of rocks in Eastern China. Geophys Geochem Explor 6:451–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang M, Wang J, Wang J, Dang F (2012) He and Ar isotopic tracer of ore-forming fluid in Wangfeng gold deposit, Xinjiang. Chin J Earth Sci 33(5):794–800

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu B, Zeng Q, Wang Y, He H (2017) The sources of ore-forming fluids from the Jinchang gold deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China: constraints from the He-Ar Isotopic Evidence. Resour Geol 67(3):330–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Su N, Zhou X (2002) Mesozoic lithosphere destruction beneath the North China Craton: evidence from major-trace-element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope studies of Fangcheng basalts. Contrib Mineral Petrol 144(2):241–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Li S, Lu J, Yan Y, Wang F, He X (2012) H, O, He, Ar isotope composition of the Jinyuanling gold deposit in Zhaoyuan, Shandong, and its tracing of ore-forming fluids. Miner Rock 32(1):40–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Z (1997) Principles of geochemistry of trace elements. Science Press, Beijing, China

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao K (2005) Isotopic geochemistry and metallogenic mechanism of two types of tin deposits in South China. Supervisor: Jiang Shaoyong. Dissertation, Nanjing University

  • Zhu R, Xu Y (2019) Subduction of the Western Pacific Plate and the destruction of the North China Craton. Chin Sci: Earth Sci 49(9):1346–1356

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu M, Zhang L, Wu G, He H, Cui M (2013) Fluid inclusions and He/Ar isotopes in pyrite from the Yinjiagou deposit in the southern margin of the North China Craton: a mantle connection for poly-metallic mineralization. Chem Geol 351:1–14

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41572063, 41772125), Key Laboratory of Gold Ore Mineralization Process and Resource Utilization (Ministry of Land and Resources), Shandong Key Laboratory of Metal Mineralization Geological Process and Resource Utilization (2013003), National Key Research and Development Plan Special Funding for Resources Exploration and Exploitation (2016YFC0601001)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China

    Yixin Dou, Guangzhou Mao, Pengrui An, Mingping Cao, Tieliang He, Liguo Song, Yu Wang & Yiwen Xu

  2. Functional Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Evaluation and Detection Technology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China

    Guangzhou Mao

  3. Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization Subordinated to the Ministry of Land and Resources and Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resources Utilization, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China

    Guangzhou Mao

  4. Xinqiao Coal Mine, Yongcheng Coal and Electricity Holding Group Co. Ltd., Yongcheng, 476600, Henan, China

    Lingqiang Meng

  5. Talent Innovation and Development Center of Rongcheng, Weihai, 264300, Shandong, China

    Xiaotong Liu

Authors
  1. Yixin Dou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guangzhou Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lingqiang Meng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaotong Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pengrui An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mingping Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Tieliang He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Liguo Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yiwen Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guangzhou Mao.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Domenico M. Doronzo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dou, Y., Mao, G., Meng, L. et al. Fluid and ore-material source of the Xiajiaxiaohe gold deposit in central Yishu fault zone in Shandong, Eastern China. Arab J Geosci 14, 26 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06288-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06288-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation